Chem ch 17 Flashcards
(80 cards)
Carboxylic acid (cooh the box)
A compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to an –OH group, RCOOH
Acid anhydrides (anything formed when H20 is removed) are formed when…(ana is 2)
two carboxylic acids join together by eliminating a molecule of water.
carboxylic acids, esters, and amides all have…
polar and structural similarities
carboxylic acids, esters, and amides all…(bp) AND which can H bond…
All boil at a higher temperature than comparable alkanes, and carboxylic acids and amides that have an H on the nitrogen can hydrogen bond
carbonyl-group substitution reactions
—Z replaces (substitutes for) the group bonded to the carbonyl carbon atom
carbonyl-group substitution reactions are quite often called…(sub in the ace)
acyl transfer reactions.
carboxylic acids can or can’t form hydrogen bonds with each other?
they can
Carboxylic Acids - which ones are soluble? (soluble box has 4 sides)
those with up to four carbons are water-soluble
Acids with saturated, straight-chain R groups of up to nine carbon atoms are…(9 acidic drinks)
volatile liquids with strong, pungent, and usually unpleasant odors
Carboxylic acids naming
replace the final -e of the corresponding alkane name with -oic acid
carboxylic acids - common names
the carbon atoms attached to the –COOH group are identified by Greek letters α, β, γ and so on, rather than numbers
The acyl group that remains when a carboxylic acid loses its –OH is named by replacing the…(acyl gargoyl)
-ic at the end of the acid name with -oyl
Dicarboxylic acids
contain two –COOH groups, are named systematically by adding the ending -dioic acid to the alkane name (the -e is retained).
Unsaturated acids (double bonds) are named systematically in the IUPAC system with the ending in…(this is just alkene - pass)
-enoic, ex. H2C=CHCOOH, is named propenoic acid.
when writing common name for carboxylic acid, REMEMBER…(y-ric is commonly known)
it will end in yric - ex. β-hydroxy-α-methylbutyric acid
When the –OH of the carboxyl group is converted to the –OR of an ester group…(hydrogen bonding…)
the ability of the molecules to hydrogen bond with each other is lost
esters properties (esters liquids are boring but smell good)
Simple esters are colorless, volatile liquids with pleasant odors, and many of them contribute to the natural fragrance of flowers and ripe fruits.
esters - high or low bp?
low bp
ester naming
The first is the name of the alkyl group R’ in the ester group. The second is the name of the parent acid, with the family-name ending -ic acid replaced by -ate.
amides w/ NH2 attached can or can’t form H bonds?
they can form H bonds
unsubstituted amides are..(solubility)
are soluble in both water (with which they form hydrogen bonds) and organic solvents
Monosubstituted amides (RCONHR’) can…(h bonds)
form hydrogen bonds to each other
disubstituted amides (RCONR2’)…
cannot form H bonds and are, therefore, lower boiling.
difference btwn amide and amine
amide the NH is bonded directly to carbonyl group, amine it’s not
