chem test 1 Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
ester functional group
A
O=C
2
Q
ether function group
A
C-O-C
3
Q
aldehyde functional group
A
H or R-C=O. carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to any generic alkyl or side chain R group
4
Q
Carboxylic Acid functional group
A
box the alcohol twice - OH-C=O
5
Q
amide functional group
A
NH2=C
6
Q
meso
A
just look for the one that is symmetrical mirror image
7
Q
ether (either C Or C)
A
C-O-C
8
Q
alcohol
A
OH group
9
Q
phenols
A
OH attached to benzene
10
Q
amine
A
NH2
11
Q
aldehyde (chew the hyde)
A
R-CHO, O double bond (this whole thing is the functional group)
12
Q
ketones
A
R-C-R = O
13
Q
carboxylic acid (box oxy twice alc once)
A
R - C =O - OH
14
Q
ester (ester is 2 and 1 ether)
A
C=O-O-C (1 single bond to O and 1 double bond to O)
15
Q
amide
A
NH2 to C and double bond O
16
Q
anhydrides (ana minag)
A
C=O-C=O
17
Q
thiol (theo shy)
A
SH group
18
Q
disulfide
A
R-S-S-R
19
Q
sulfide
A
R-S-R
20
Q
wedge
A
projecting towards the viewer
21
Q
dashes
A
fading into the background
22
Q
always called “iso”
A
one branch in the middle, ie - isopentane
23
Q
secbutane
A
branch on 2nd carbon
24
Q
iosbutane
A
looks like a cross
25
mercaptans (theo is a captain)
thiols
26
hydroxy group
OH
27
mercapto group (theo is captain)
SH
28
CH3-SH
methanethiol
29
in cyclic, does OH or SH have priority?
OH has priority over SH
30
diol
2 OH groups
31
when OH is a side chain, use...
hydroxyl
32
properties of thiol (theo smell)
strong odor, onion, garlic, skunk. used to detect gas leaks
33
do thiols or alcohol have a lower bp?
thiols
34
D rotates polarized light to the...
right
35
L rotates polarized light to the...
left
36
phenol
OH group bonded directly to aromatic
37
when finding the longest chain w/ an OH group, REMEMBER
the chain has to include the OH group (but it might look like less carbons, it's ok)
38
alcohols with large alkane parts (like heptanol) are less...
soluble in water
39
alcohols with smaller alkane parts, like methanol, are more...
soluble in water because the hydrophobic part is small.
40
Diols and triols are more...
water soluble and have higher BP because they can form more hydrogen bonds
41
Which is more water soluble? alcohol with 1 OH group or 2 OH groups?
alcohol w/ 2 OH groups, diols.
42
molecules with carbon to oxygen ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 are soluble in water, ie...
methanol, ethanol and propanol
43
carbon to oxygen ratio of 5:1 and greater are..
insoluble. Those with 4:1 are slightly soluble
44
the more OHs, the higher the...
boiling point
45
aliphatic
not rings, open structures
46
aryl (Ar group)
has an aromatic ring attached
47
ethylene glycol (ethyl vape)
2 CH2 and 2 OHs
48
gylcerol or glycerin (gylcerine)
3 CHs and 3 OHs
49
methyl, ethyl and propyl alcohol are all highly___in water
soluble
50
alkenol
just the name for alcohols - like alkanes, etc.
51
naming of cyclic w/ OH group
cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, etc.
52
in cyclos w/ more substiuents (other than OH) you don't need to...
add the 1 when naming, it's always 1, so it's understood. ie - 2-methyl-cyclopentanol
53
with cyclos that have an OH and a double bond (or triple) name it...
2-cyclohexenol - 2 marking where the double bond is
54
4-methyl-2-hept-2-enol
naming for line structures with OH group and double bond
55
1-pent-2-enol
1 is the OH group, and 2 is the double bond
56
diols - when 2 OH groups are on adjacent carbons, we call them...
glycols
57
when numbering diols, go the way that is...
lower for both OH groups
58
when naming diols...
use the whole alkane name, ie 1,3-butanediol (1 and 3 are the OH groups)
59
HO-CH2-CH2-OH (dial 2 alchys)
1,2 ethanediol or can call it ethylene glycol
60
when alcohol loses a water molecule, it becomes an
alkene - the OH leaves, and that bond folds down making a double bond - ie, alkene
61
when we add water to alkene, it becomes an
alcohol
62
zaitsev's rule or saytezeff's rule w/ dehydration
THIS is only used when dehydrating alcohols - more branched alkene is favored - highlight the 2 carbons attached to the double bond, and chose the one that has more branches. that's primary.
63
zaitsev's rule or saytezeff's rule w/ dehydration
more branched alkene is favored - highlight the 2 carbons attached to the double bond, and chose the one that has more branches. that's the major.
64
H+ is the shortened version of
sulfuric acid
65
oxidation only happens with..
primary and secondary alcohol. NOT tertiary alcohol
66
reaction with {O} is...
oxidation
67
oxidation of alcohol produces either..
aldehyde or ketone
68
in oxidation, you are removing how many Hs?
2 hydrogens
69
can't do oxidation w/ what type of carbon?
tertiary - because there is no free H to remove
70
primary alcohol are oxidized to become..
aldahyde, and that becomes carboxylic acid
71
secondary alcohol can get oxidized to become..
ketones, then no reactions after that.
72
tertiary alcohol oxidized to..
nothing, NR
