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Step 1 > Test 19- BC > Flashcards

Test 19- BC Flashcards

1
Q

Non-essential glucogenic AA that can b e transaminated for form pyruvate

A

Alanine

Serine

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2
Q

Def that impairs glutathione reduction d/t failure to produce NADPH

A

G6PD def

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3
Q

Deficiency in which erythrocyte enzyme may cause periodic hemolysis similar to G6PD def?

A

Glutathione reductase def

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4
Q

Keeps glutathione reduced allowing for the detoxificaiton of free radicals and perioxides

A

Glutathione reductase

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5
Q

Elastin-associated glycoprotein in the:
zonular fibers of the lens
periosteum
aortic media

A

MarFANs syndrome

Fibrillin-1 is a major component of microfibrils that form a sheath around elastin fibers.

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6
Q

Impaired osteoclastic bone resorption leading to increased bone thickness and density. Osteoblast fxn normal.

A

Osteopetrosis

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7
Q

HLA-B27 positive arthritis that leads to fusion of hte spine and sacroiliac joints, and arthritis in the ips, shoulders and costochondroal joints

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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8
Q

Defect in hte formation of type III collagen molecules.

A

EDS

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9
Q

Defect in FGFR 3 gene> abnormal condrocyte proliferation at the growth plates of long bones

A

Acondroplasia> dwarfism

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10
Q

Synthesizes majority of rRNA in the nucleolus

A

RNA pol I

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11
Q

Enzyme responsible for DNA replication and repair. Found throughout the nucleus

A

DNA Pol

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12
Q

Synthesizes mRNA, sn RNA and miRNA

A

RNA II (MASSIVE RNA)

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13
Q

makes tRNA

A

RNA III

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14
Q

Breaks down the phosphodiester bond w/in the nucleotide chain in DNA and RNA

A

endonucleases

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15
Q

Failure of glycogenolysis w/ clinical manifestations of decreased exercise tolerance, myoglobinuria and muscle pain w/ activity.

A

McArdle’s

Myophosphorylase def

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16
Q

What intracellular substance is likely to increase following activation of a G protein dependent phospholipase C?

A

Ca

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17
Q

phosphoinositol messenger system that leads to an increase in intracellular Ca

A

GPCR activation>
PLC>
IP3>
PKC

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18
Q

Endocrine hormones that use IP3 for sginaling

A

GOAT HAG

GnRH
Oxytocin
ADH (V1)
TRH
Histamine (H1)
Ang II
Gastrin
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19
Q

Endocrine hormones that use cAMP for signaling

A

FLAT ChAMP

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
CRH
hCG
ADH (V2)
MSH
PTH

calcitonin
GHRH
glucagon

20
Q

Endocrine hormones that use cGMP for signaling

A

ANP
BNP
NO
EDRF

21
Q

Precursor to vit A

A

carotene

22
Q

Precursor to tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

23
Q

Precursor of NO, urea, Ornithine and agmatine

A

Arginine

also needed to make creatine

24
Q

Precursor of pyrimidine

A

Orotic Acid

25
Q

What conditions promote sickling?

A

Deoxygenated state
low pH
HIGH 2,3PDG

26
Q

Decreased 2,3 DPG

A

increased affinity of Hb for O2> uptake of O2 by Hb

need increased to release to tissues

27
Q

What uses the gycerol produced by degradation of TG by hormone sensitive lipase?

A

Liver

> TG synthesis, gluconeogensis, intm in glycolysis

28
Q

What liver specific enzyme faciliates the use of TG breakdown products as intermediates in energy generation and glucose synthesis?

A

Glycerol kinase

29
Q

What must happen to FA in order to undergo beta oxidation in the mitochondria?

A

Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activates FA to Acyl CoA in hte CYTOPLASM.

Fatty acyl combines w/ carnitine to be shuttled into the mitochondria

30
Q

What is the first enzyme in the HMP shunt?

A

G6PD

produces NADPH and pentose sugars for nucleotide synthesis

31
Q

Converts acetyl CoA to malonly CoA, catalyzing the first committed step in FA synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (Biotin Depndent!)

32
Q

Location of FA synthesis

A

cytosol

33
Q

Location of FA oxidation

A

mitochondria

34
Q

mRNA Stop codons

A

U Go Away
U Are Away
U Are Gone

35
Q

What codon initiates protein synthesis?

A

AUG

36
Q

Translation of the mRNA template goes in what direction?

A

5’ to 3’

37
Q

When do H dissociated from AA?

A

When pH exceeds the pKA associated w/ the given H

38
Q

Act on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus to inhibit production of neuropeptide Y (decreasing apetiatie and stimulate production of alpha MSH (increasing satiety)

A

Leptin

39
Q

Phylalanine to tyrosine

A

Phpyenylalanine hydroxylase (BH4) (PKU)

40
Q

Tyrosine to DOPA

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase (BH4)

41
Q

Dopa to Dopamine

A

DOPA carboxylase (B6)

42
Q

Dopamine to NE

A

Dopamine Hydroxylase (Vit C)

43
Q

NE to Epi

A

PNMT (Sam)

44
Q

What stimulates the conversion of NE to epi?

A

cortisol

45
Q

Where are NE and Dopamine produced?

A

CNS and PNS

46
Q

Where is epi produced?

A

Adrenal glands (medulla)

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