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Test 44 Flashcards

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1
Q

invaginations of the sarcolemma that extend into each muscle fiber and transmit depolarization signals to the SR to trigger the release of Ca

A

T tubules

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2
Q

what is the consequence of having no T tubules?

A

don’t get coordinated contraction of all myofibrils

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3
Q

MC disorder of porphyrin synthesis

A

porphyria cutanea tardea

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4
Q

enzyme def in PCT

A

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

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5
Q

blistering cutaneous photosensitivity

A

PCT

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6
Q

vit def that can lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia secondary to decreased heme synthase

A

B6

cofactor for ALA synthase

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7
Q

result from a FAILED obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct

A

enterocysts and meckel diverticula

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8
Q

benign tumor composed of blood vessels
smooth muscle
fat

A

renal angiomyolipoma

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9
Q

bilatera renal angiomyolipomas
brain hamartomas
ash leaf skin patches
in a young woman

A

tuberous sclerosis

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10
Q

Neurofibroma
optic gliomas
cafe au lai spots
lisch nodules

A

NF1

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11
Q

bilateral acoutstic neuromas
cataracts
meningiomas
ependyomas

A

NF2

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12
Q

facial port wine stain

leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation

A

SWS

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13
Q

facial port wine stain

leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation

A

SWS

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14
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?

A

HLA-B27

codes for MHC I

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15
Q

seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?

A

HLA-B27

codes for MHC I

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16
Q

crescent formation on light microscopy

A

RPGN

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17
Q

what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of

A 
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells
plasmin proteins (C3b)
glomerular parietal cells
monocytes
macrophages
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18
Q

what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of

A 
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells
plasmin proteins (C3b)
glomerular parietal cells
monocytes
macrophages
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19
Q

what does hospice require

A

prognosis less than 6 months

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20
Q

diphenoxylate

A

opiate anti-diarrheal related tomepederine

that SLOWS motility

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21
Q

diphenoxylate

loperamide

Study These Flashcards
A

opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility

agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission

22
Q

diphenoxylate

loperamide

Study These Flashcards
A

opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility

agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission

23
Q

best and most reliable ausculatory indicator of the degree of mitral stensois

Study These Flashcards
A

A2 (aortic valve closure)-Os (opening snap) interval

*OS occurs d/t abrupt tensing of vlalve leaflets as the mitral valve reaches its max diameter during forceful opening

shortened–> more severe stenosis

24
Q

what viruses are capable of genetic shifts through reassortment?

Study These Flashcards
A

viruses w/ segmented genomes

25
segmented viruses
``` RNA BOAR bunyaviruses orthmyxoviruses (ifluenza) Arenaviruses Reoviruses ```
26
most effective tx for HTN and chronic ischemic myocardial failure in a pt w/ hx of CHF
ACE inhibitors inhibit myocardial remodeling and deterioration of ventricular conractile xn
27
what is one of hte initial tx recommended for essential HTN in a pt WITHOUT CHF/diabetes
HTZ
28
ARR
ARR- ER control-ERtreatment
29
ERtreatment
ERtreatment= number of events in the treatment arm/number of subjects in the treatment arm
30
culture for neisseria organisms
SELECTIVE media THayer martin VCN Medium inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi
31
culture for neisseria organisms
SELECTIVE media THayer martin VCN Medium inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi
32
gall stone ileus
results from the passage of a large gallstone through a cholecystenteric fistula into the small bowel where it can cause obstruction of hte ileocecal valve
33
Gas is see w/in gallbladder and biliary tree on abdominal x ray d/t presence of fistula and pt has sxs of bowel obstruction
gall stone ileus
34
how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?
GI bleeding> increased N delivery to the gut as Hb> converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream
35
how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?
GI bleeding> increased N delivery to the gut as Hb> converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream
36
terbinafine
inhibits SQUALENE EPOXIDASE> | inhibits syntehsis of ergosterol
37
used to tx dermatophytoses
terbinafine
38
used to tx dermatophytoses
terbinafine
39
muscle weakness and cramping
hypokalemia
40
how do thiazide diuretics cuase hypokalemia
``` DECRASE intravascular voluem> stimulates aldosterone secretion> increased absorption Na> increased excretiong of K and H> HYPOKALEMIA and met ALKALOSIS ```
41
toxicity of HTZ
``` hyperGLUC glycemia lipidemia uricemia calcemia ```
42
toxicity of HTZ
``` hyperGLUC glycemia lipidemia uricemia calcemia ```
43
anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients
HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton> SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)
44
anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients
HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton> SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)
45
dissolve hte lipid bilayer of hte outer viral envelope
ether
46
Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes
fibrofatty replacement of muscle
47
Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes
fibrofatty replacement of muscle
48
diabetic mononeuropathy
involves CN III often | caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers
49
diabetic mononeuropathy
involves CN III often | caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers
50
Villous adenomas **cauliflower like mass in sigmoid colon
tend to be larger, sessile, more severely dysplastic than tubular adnemoas can cause bleeding, secretory diarrhea, partial obstruction

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