Test 61

Question 1

elevated creatinine following acyclovir tx

Answer 1

acyclovir nephrotoxicity d/t crystalline nephropathy

requires HYDRATION

Question 2

low AFP and estriol

HIGH BhCG and inhibin A

Answer 2

Down Syndrome

Question 3

elevated AFP

Answer 3

multiple gestations, open NTD and abdominal wall defects

Question 4

best way to prevent neonatal tetanus

Answer 4

PREGNANT women have been vaccinated w/ tetanus toxoid so protective IgG Abs can cross placenta to fetus

Question 5

Preoccupation w/ unexplained medical sxs and excessive health care

Answer 5

somatic symptom disorder

Question 6

management for somatic sx disorder

Answer 6

regularly scheduled vsiits that focus on goal of funcitonal improvement w/ same provider

Question 7

Coarse along hte posterior aspect of the humerus and are harmed in MIDSHAFT fractures and

Answer 7

DEEP brachial artery and radial nerve

Question 8

surgical neck fx

Answer 8

axillary nerve and anteiror circulmflexhumoral artery

Question 9

supracondylar fractures

Answer 9

brachial artery

Question 10

Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration)

Answer 10

autoimmune phenomenon

Question 11

Delta agents can cause hepatitis w/ direct HBV assistance in what capacity?

Answer 11

HBsAg of hepatatis B virus must COAT the HDAg of hepatitis D virus before it can infect hepatocytes and multiply

Question 12

AD disroder that leads to accelerated atherosclerosis and earlyl onset CAD

Answer 12

Familial hypercholesterolemia

hetero/homo LDL receptor mutations> hepatocyte under-expression of functional LDL receptorse

Question 13

used to compare the exposure of ppl w/ disease (cases) to exposure of people w/out disease (controls)

Answer 13

Case Control

measure of association is exposure odds ratio

Question 14

seen among heavy cigg smokers w/ onset

Answer 14

Buerger’s disease (THromboangiitis obliterans)

Question 15

Buergers disease-type of vasculitis?

Answer 15

segmental thrombosing vasculitis that extends into contiguous veins/nerves and encases htem w/ fibrous tissue

Question 16

Immunity against URI, meningitis and meningococcemia

Answer 16

Abs against their polysaccharide capsules

Meningococal vaccine contains capsular polysaccharides from major serotypes and induces production of protective anticapsular abs

Question 17

Plethoric face adn splenomegaly

peptic ulcer
itching
gouty arthritis

Answer 17

Polycythemica vera

clonal myeloproliferative disease of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

Question 18

Mutation seen in polycythemia vera

Answer 18

mutation in JAK2, non-receptor TK associated w/ erythropoietin receptor (type I cytokine receptor)

Question 19

Dehydration affects on RPF, GFR

Answer 19

DECREASE in RPF, DECRASE in GFR

compensatory activation of RAAS in response to hpyotension>
constriciotn of efferent arteriole to maintain GFR

FF INCREASES as RPF drops more than GFR

Question 20

monoclonal Ab directed against CD20 antigen

Answer 20

Rituximab

lymphoma w/ CD20 B cell marker

Question 21

inhibit neuronal high frequency firing by reducing abilibty of Na channels to recover from inactivation

Answer 21

phenytoin
carbamazepi;ne
valproic acid

Question 22

Ethosuximide mechanims

Answer 22

blocks T type Ca channels in thalamic neurons

Question 23

“water shed areas”

Answer 23

lie between perfusion of major arteries

splenic flexure
distal sigmoid colon

Question 24

TEtrodotoxin

Answer 24

Neurotoxin from pufferfish

blocks VG Na channels in nerve cell membranes

Question 25

Verapamil

Answer 25

blocks L type Ca channels

Question 26

Lidocaine

Answer 26

blocks VG Na channels

Question 27

Dofetilide

Answer 27

Class II blocks passive transport of K

Question 28

Squatting in TOF

Answer 28

increases SVR and decreases R-> L shunting> increased pulmonary blood flow

Question 29

``` Fever cutaneous flushing dry oral mucosa dilated poorly reactive pupils confusion ```

Answer 29

anticholinergic toxicity

Question 30

can mimic antimuscarinic SE

Answer 30

TCAs (amitrpytiline)

Question 31

G6PD inheritance

Answer 31

X linked RECESSIVE **can be triggered by antimalarial drugs (HEINZ bodies)

Question 32

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 32

AD (JAY!!)

Question 33

structural bnormalities

Answer 33

AD usually

Question 34

enzymem def

Answer 34

AR usually

Question 35

urticaria

Answer 35

superifical dermal edema and lymphatic channel dilation

Question 36

CNS disorder | episodes of demyelinationa nd subsequent remyelination

Answer 36

MS demylenination w/ relative preservation of axons> reduced saltatory conduction **MRI

Question 37

lesion in the optic tract

Answer 37

contralateral homonymous hemianopia relative afferent pupillary defect

Question 38

Lacunar infarct

Answer 38

small ischemic infarcts