Test 90 Flashcards by Sarah Carlson

suspected in pts who are competitive atheletes and present w/ ERYTHROCytOSIS, abnormal testicular size, fxn, hepatic abnormalities, acne

Steroid abuse

androgens stimulate RBC production

decrease goandotropin secretion

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what do takayasu arteritis and temporal arteritis have in common

takayasu- aorta

temporal- distal carotid artery branch

both have GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION of the media

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leukocytic vasculitis

segmental FIBRINOID necrosis of SMALL VESSELS (microscopic polyangiitis, microscopic polyarteritis, hypersensitivity)

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PAN

segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of medium to small sized vessels (IC vasculitis)

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THromboangiitis obliterans

Buergers

THROMBOsING of medium and small sized arteries (tibial and radial)

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hypersensitivity vasculitis affecting arterioles and arteries> visceral infarctions

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Acute renal allograft rejection

Ab OR Cell mediated

diffuse LYMPHOCYTIC infiltrate of the RENAL vasculature, tubules and interstitium

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protooncogene that facilitates GROWTH of adneomas by cuasing uncontrolled cell proliferation

K-ras

LOSE APC>
colon at risk>
KRAS>
adenoma>
p53, DCC (malig transformation)>
carcinoma

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mother w/ low grade fever, maculopapular rash, cephalocaudal progression, POSTERIOR AURICULAR LYMPHADENOAPTHY, and polyarthralgia

Maternal tubella

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Congenital rubella

sensorineural deafness
cataracts
PDA

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inhibits mycolic acid syntehsis in mycobacterial cells and is SPECIFIC to mycobacteria

Isoniazid (chemically related to B6)

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long brnached chain of saturated FA used in mycobacterial cell wall and in formation of virulence factors

Myoclic acid syntehsis

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Transmission of TB

Aerosolized in respiratory secretion>
smaller droplets deposit organisms in the alveoli of hter LOWER lung field>
organisms are engulfed by alveolar MPHAGES that allow for intracellular prliferation

eventually Ag carrying mphages/DC migrate to the LN and induce a helper T cell response

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Ethambutol

EYEthambutol

optic neuritis> color blindness, central scotoma, decraesed visual acuity

reversible w/ discontinuation of drug

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monitored in pts on chloramphenicol, dapsone or TMPSMX

CBC

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aminoglycosides

ampho B

Renal function

amino= tubular necrosis

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rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide

hepatic function

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ssRNA virus w/ BULLET shaped capsule

studded by glycoprotein spikes that BIND to NICOTINIC ACh receptors

RAbies

once deposited in a wound it stays local for asome weeks than moves retrograde to the CNS

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CMV

cellular integrins

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EBV

CD21

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HIV

CD4

CXCR4/CCR5

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Rhinovirus

ICAM1

CD54

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used to tx DVT in pregnant women

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heparin

increases antithrombin II activity

warfarin is teratogenic

Aspirin

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suppresses syntehsis of TXA2> prevents platelet agg

tx/prevent: MI
ischemic strokes

best long term anticoagulant for tx of DVT

Warfarin

Clopidogrel

inhibits ADP mediated platelet agg CAD PVD cerebrovascular disease

tPA

thromboytic STEMI ischemic stroke

contralateral homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing

PCA supplies CN III and IV

Type B chronic gastritis

affects the gastric ANTRUM and is usually d/t H. puylori infection of hte gastric mucosa

Cancers associated w/ Type B chronic gastritis

gastric adenocarcinoma | MALT lymphoma

type A chronic gastritis

AUTOIMMUNE affects the BODY of hte sotmach instead of the ANTRUM autoimmune destruction of parietal cells> decreased IF and decreased B12 absorption

Pro-carcinogens

metabolized by cyt p450 MONOXYGENASE in hepatic microsomes and ER of other tissues metabolizes steroids, alcohol, toxins, and other foreign substances also converts pro-carcinogens> carcinogens> ause mutations in human DNA

Glucuronide transferase

converts bilirubin to soluble bilirubin in the hepatocytes

can occur secondary to underlying malignant tumors, infections and certain medications diffuse increased THICKNESS of GBM and cappilary wall and SPIKE and DOME appearaance on silver stain

membranous glomerulopathy NO hypercellularity

large hypercellular glomeruli and diffuse thickening of capillary wall

membranoprolifferative

Anticentromere abs

CREST

Anti-DNA topoisomerase I

systemic sclerosis (Scl-70)

Anti-dsDNA

SLE

Anti-histone

DILE

anti-phospholiipid

SLE | antiphospholpid syndrome

inflammatory skin disorder triggered by environemnt (foods/irritant) pts present by age 5 manivfests as LICHENIFICATION on flexure surface in older children

Atopic dermatitis mut in proteins like filaggrin> impairment of skins barrier to fxn> increased immunological exposure> immune hypersensitivity at risk for developing allergic rhinitis and asthma

high serum levels of IgE and eosinophilia | high levels of cAMP in leukocytes

atopic dermatitis

dermatitis hepetiformis

4-5th decade of life uncommon in children clusters of pruritic vesicles and plaques on buttocks and extensor surfaces

Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn min to hrs

Ab mediated type II hypersensitivity rxn caused by PREexisting anti-ABO abs that BIND Ags on donor RBC subsequent COMPLEMENT activation> RBC lysis, vasodilation, sxs of shock fever hypotension chest/back bain hemoglobinuria

TNFa

produced by macrophages in response to bacgterial ENDOTOXIN> sxs of septic shock

failure of prolonged Pt to correct w/ vit K

indicates liver disease

SYNAPTOPHYSIN

protein found in PREsynaptic vesicles of NEURONS, Neuroendocrine/neuroectodermal cells CNS tumors of this orgigin stain positive for synaptophysin

neoplasms of glial origin

GFAP astrocytomas ependymomas oligodendrogliomas

fibrocalcific parietal pleural plaques in teh posetrolateral mid lung zones and over the diaphragm

asbestosis

nodular densities and eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes

silicosis

nodular infiltrates enlarged LN non-caseating granulomas

berylliosis

coal macules

upper lung zones | multiple discrete nodules

Length constant

measure of how far along an axon an electrical impulse can propagate myelination INCREASES the lenght constant and decreases the time constant> both improve axonal dconduction speed

threshold

membrane potential required to initiate AP

Summation

additive effects of multiple post-synaptic potentials on a target neurons membrane potental

temporal summation

sequential impulses from same neuron over time spatial--simulataneous impusles from several different neurons

time constant

timeit takes for change in MP to achieve new value myelination DECREASES membrane capacitance> REDUCES time constant

Test 90 Flashcards

(57 cards)