Test 25- HRM

Question 1

what cells is the HALLMARK of an HPV infection?

Answer 1

Koilocytosis

pyknotic superficial or immature squamous cells w/ dense, irregularly staining cytoplasma nd perinuclear clearing

Question 2

Adolescents w/ an immature HPO axis may experience this for several years following menarche.

Answer 2

Anovulation

Question 3

Cause of anovulatory cycles

Answer 3

No progesterone is produced and estrogen levels remain high, causing the endometrium to be remain in the proliferative phase>
irregular periods of stromal breakdown w/ variable but usually heavy bleeding

Question 4

incomplete fusion of the UG folds

Answer 4

hypospadias

Question 5

becomes the penis in males and the clitoris in femalies

Answer 5

genital tubercle

Question 6

MC malignant stromal tumor

Answer 6

Granulosa cell tumor

Question 7

Estrogen secreting primary ovarian tumors that can cause endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer 7

Granulosa cell tumors

Question 8

Granulosa cell tumor predisposes you to waht type of cancer?

Answer 8

endometrial adenocarcinoma

Question 9

Pt presents w/ severe dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (painful sex) and infertility

Answer 9

Endometriosis–endometrial glands and stroma oustide the uterus

Question 10

endometrial glands in the uterine myometrium

Answer 10

adenomyosis

Question 11

endometrial biopsy on a pt with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and hx of amenorrhea

Answer 11

decidual (gestational) changes in the endometrium but no chorionic villi

*see pregnancy related endometrial changes because hormones are still released

Question 12

straight short endometrial glands and compact stroma

Answer 12

early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

Question 13

decidualized endometrium and chorionic villi and embryonic tissue

Answer 13

found w/ an intrauterine pregnancy

Question 14

atypical endometrial cells that form glands

Answer 14

endometrial adenocarcinoma

Question 15

Pts w/ PCOS are at risk for developing….

Answer 15

endometrial adenocarcinoma (due to high levels of unopposed estrogen on the endometrium)
T2D

Question 16

WHat happens to endometrial cells upon withdrawal of progesterone?

Answer 16

apoptosis

Question 17

Tumor suppressor genes MC associated w/ hereditary breast cancer are involved with…

Answer 17

DNA repair of DS DNA breaks

BRCA1/BRCA2 (AD w/ 70-80% risk) of devleoping cancer

*increases risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer

Question 18

How do you identify the causative organism of syphillis

Answer 18

Treponema pallidum

can be visualized w/ darkfiled microscopy> helical motile organisms

Question 19

how is a syphillis dx conirmed

Answer 19

serologic testing

VDRL, RPR- cardiolipin (byproduct of infection)

Question 20

Solid sheets of pleomorphic high grade cells w/ central necrosis

Answer 20

comedocarcinoma

Question 21

MCC of Candida vaginitis

Answer 21

antibiotic use

Question 22

Thin, off white discharge w/ fish odor
pH>4.5
Clue cells

Answer 22

Bacterial vaginosis

Metronidazole

Question 23

Thin, yellow green, malodorous froth discharge
pH>4.5
Motile trichomonads on smear

Answer 23

Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole

Question 24

Thick white discharge w/ cottage cheese appearance and pseudohyphae

Answer 24

Candida vaginitis

Flucanazole

Question 25

painless ulcers with later progression to painful inguinal lymphadenopathy and ulceration

Answer 25

Lymphogranuloma venereum

Question 26

What causes LGV?

Answer 26

Chlamydia trachomatis (L1-L3)

Question 27

What is LGV characterized by histologically?

Answer 27

chlamydial inclusion bodies in the cell cytoplasm

Question 28

Tx for LGV

Answer 28

doxycycline

Question 29

Conditions caused by incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis

Answer 29

Hydrocele Indirect inguinal hernia * hydrocele- connection between scrotum and abdominal cavity that allows leakage of fluid * hernia occurs when opening allows protrusion of abdominal organs along inguinal canal

Question 30

Most likely explanation for an adnexal mass in an elderly female

Answer 30

ovarian malignancy

Question 31

serum marker for ovarian malignancy

Answer 31

CA-125

Question 32

CEA

Answer 32

CRC and pancreatic cancers

Question 33

CA 19-9

Answer 33

Pancreatic cancer

Question 34

increased AFP

Answer 34

hepatocellular carcinoma | nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (yolk sac tumors)

Question 35

Hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinomas and a gestational trophoblastic tumor all produce...

Answer 35

BhCG

Question 36

DHEA

Answer 36

may be elevated in pts w/ excess production of adrenal androgens

Question 37

Where does lymph from the testes drain to?

Answer 37

para-aortic LN

Question 38

lymph from the scrotum drains to

Answer 38

superficial inguinal LN

Question 39

situs inversus chronic sinusitis bronchiectasis infertility

Answer 39

primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 40

Strongest known RF for development of CIN and invasive cervical carcinoma

Answer 40

HPV (esp 16 and 18) *early age at first intercourse and multiple partners increases incidence of HPV