Test 53

Question 1

prior to fertilization secondary oocytes are arrested in…

Answer 1

Metaphase of Meiosis II

Question 2

cause of froth/foamy urine

Answer 2

proteinuria

heavy proteinuria seen in nephrotic syndrome can cause interstitial edema d/t decraese in serum albumin and total protein concentrations lower hte hplasma oncotic P

Question 3

branch of the maxillary artery that enters the skull at hte foramen spinosum

Answer 3

MMA

Question 4

pterion

Answer 4

bone is thin in this region and the MMA courses w/in the skull deep to this point> epidural hematoma

Question 5

why do epidural hematomas require prompt treatment

Answer 5

lead to transtentorial herniation and palsy of CNIII

Question 6

hilar adenopahty
pulmonary disease
non caseating granulomas (diff from TB)

Answer 6

SArcoidosis

Question 7

what statin combinatoin increases the risk of myopathy in pts being treated for hyperlipidemia

Answer 7

statin + fibrates

GEmofibrozil increases the concentration of most statins > increased risk for myopathy

Question 8

used to tx insomnia in pts employed in mission-critical positions, short half life minimizes undesirable day time SE

Answer 8

Triazolam

Question 9

lorazepam

Answer 9

intermediate

Question 10

diazepam
flurazepam
chlordiazepoxide

Answer 10

long

Question 11

forms most of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart

Answer 11

inferior wall of left ventricle

Question 12

supplies the inferior wall of left ventricle

Answer 12

posterior descending artery (most ppl derived from RCA)

Question 13

supplies anterior 2/3 of IV septum and anterior wall of left ventricle

Answer 13

LAD coronary artery

Question 14

supplies lateral and posterior superior walls of left ventricle

Answer 14

left circumflex

Question 15

gives rise to LAD and left circumflex

Answer 15

left main coronary artery

Question 16

acute marginal branches

Answer 16

arise from the RCA to suply teh wall of the right ventricle

Question 17

initiates acute inflammation of the GB 90% of the time

Answer 17

acute calculous cholecysistitis

Question 18

has 5’-3’ exonuclease activity and 5’ to 3’ polyermase and 3’-5’ exonnuclease activites

Answer 18

DNA pol 1

*5’-3’ used to remove the RNA primer and damaged DNA

Question 19

tx for DKA

Answer 19

iv hydration

normal saline and insulin

Question 20

primary FV of s. pneuonia

Answer 20

polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis

Question 21

fever
cough
consolidation on chest xray

Answer 21

pneumonia

Question 22

gram + diplococci that have alpha hemolysis on blood agar (green colonies)
bile soluble
optochin sensitive

Answer 22

s. pneumonia

Question 23

bacterial organism destroyed by placement in hypotonic solution

Answer 23

damage to peptidoglycan cell wall by antibiotic against cell wall synthesis

Question 24

peripheral edema
significant progeinuria
IgG4 Abs to phospholipase a2 receptor in podocytes

Answer 24

idiopathic membranous nephropahty

Question 25

abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes

Answer 25

minimal change disease

Question 26

abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes

Answer 26

minimal change disease

Question 27

``` Combined T and B cell dysfxn severe bacterial and viral infections candidiasis persistent diarrhea FTT ``` absent T cells and hypogammaglobulinemia

Answer 27

SCID *thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def

Question 28

chronic diarrhea mucocutaneous candidiasis severe bacterial and viral infections in infancy absence of thymic shaddow

Answer 28

SCID *thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def

Question 29

ataxia telangiectasias sinupulmonary infections

Answer 29

ataxia telangiectasia

Question 30

oculocutaneous albinism pyogenic infections neurologic dysfxn

Answer 30

Chediak higashi syndrome

Question 31

severe bacteriala nd fungal infections | granuloma formation

Answer 31

chronic granulomatous disease

Question 32

congenital heart disease dysmorphic facies hypocalcemia

Answer 32

DiGeorge

Question 33

recurrent neisseria

Answer 33

C5-C9 def

Question 34

recurrent infections that worsen w/ age easy bleeding eczema

Answer 34

WA syndrome

Question 35

anti-inflammatory agent that DOES NOT impair platelet fxn

Answer 35

selective COX 2 inhibitors

Question 36

nitrates> reflex tachycardia by causing a relative hypotension that hte body responds to w/ catecholamine release. how do you prevent this?

Answer 36

administer nitrates w a beta blocker

Question 37

Etanercept

Answer 37

TNFa inhibitor added to MTX to tx moderate-severe RA

Question 38

fusuion protein linking solubule TNFa receptor to Fc component of IgG1

Answer 38

reduces biological activity of TNFa by acting as a decoy receptor ETANERCEPT

Question 39

mab

Answer 39

monoclonal ab

Question 40

cept

Answer 40

receptor molecule

Question 41

nib

Answer 41

kinase inhibitor

Question 42

nib

Answer 42

kinase inhibitor

Question 43

exons of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during post transcriptional processing> different mRNA sequences> different protein isoforms

Answer 43

alternative splicing

Question 44

left untreated, where do gastric carcinomas metastasize to?

Answer 44

Virchow's node (left supraclavicular sentinel node) Sister mary joseph nodule (subcutaneous mass in periumbilical region)

Question 45

metastatic spread of adenocarcinoma to one or both ovaries

Answer 45

``` primary cancers of stomach breast pancreas gallbladder ```

Question 46

enzyme w/ a molecular weight of 72kD

Answer 46

COX 2

Question 47

Irreversibly modifies COX1/2

Answer 47

NSAIDS/aspirin

Question 48

infliximab

Answer 48

irreversibly binds to and ]inhibits TNFa

Question 49

chronic pathologic changes in spleens of pts w/ sickle cell anemia

Answer 49

repetitive splenic infarctions caused by splenic microvessel occlusion> fibrosis, brownish discoloration> need for autosplenectomy

Question 50

reliable test

Answer 50

gives similar results on repeat measurements

Question 51

validity (accuracy)

Answer 51

tests ability to measure what it's supposed to

Question 52

foul smelling bulky floating greasy stool

Answer 52

malabsorption

Question 53

dx of malabsorption

Answer 53

collect stool