Test 86 Flashcards by Sarah Carlson

polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis my phages and neutrophils

HiB

Strep pneumo

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Easy fatigability
constipation
back pain
azotemia 
in ELDERLY person

Multiple myeloma

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large eosinophilic casts seen on biopsy

Bence Jones proteins!! of MM

compress and obstruct tubular lumens and imepede renal function

directly toxic to tubular epithelial cells and cause atrophy

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muddy brown granular epithelial casts along with free tubular epithelial cellls

ischemic tubular necrosis

blood is MUDDY

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pyuria and white casts

acute pyelonephritis

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sterile pyuria and hx of exposure to offending drug

hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis

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NSAID damage to kideny

papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis

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Aminoglycoside toxicity in the kidney

accumulate in renal cortex> acute tubular necrosis

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pathological S3 heart sound in older adtuls

LV systolic failure or restrictive cardiomyoaphy

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excentuate S3 heart sound

lie in left lateral decubitus position

fullly exhale

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first aortic arch

maxillary artery Maximal

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second aortic arch

hyoid artery
stapedial artery

SECOND= stapedial

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Third AA

Common Carotid (C is the THIRD letter of the alphabet)
proximal internal carotid artery

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Fourth AA

Left> aortic arch
Right> proximal right sublcavian

4 limbs…systemic?

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Sixth AA

Proximal pulmonary arteries

Left DA

PULMONARY and hte pulmonary to systemic shunt

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why do NSAIDS mess with Furosemide

Furosemide beside inhibiting NaKCl transporters also STIMULATES PG release which causes vasodilationa nd increases renal blood flow.

using NSAIDS w/ loop diuretics leads to a decreased diuretic response

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endothelin

potent vasoconstrictor

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Ang II

vasoconstirction
aldosterone releases

LOW BV

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ANP

BNP

vasodilation
diuresis

(heart secretes when its full)

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Bradykinin

think pain….

pain
vasodilation
increased vascular permeability

most likely outcome for a pt acutely infected w/ HCV

Stable chronic hepatitis

coag NEGATIVE staph that causes foreign body infections by using biofilms (synthesis of an extracellular matrix)

s. epidermidis

major pathogen in burn pt tx

Pseudomonas

Icarcillin, pipderacillin

ceftazidime, cefepim

cipro,levo

imipenem, meropenem

slow growing well circumscribed brain tumor in adult

PSAMMOMA bodies

Meningioma

round esoinophilic sturctures!! PINK EGGS

Necrosis hemorrhage PALISADING tumor cells

GBM

tumor cells w/ fried egg appearance

oligodendroglioma

Anxiolytic anticonvulsant muscle relaxant effects sedative....

BENZOS increase hte FREQUENCy of CNS GABA prescribed for insomnia

increase the DURATION of hte GABA

Barbs

can be prescribed for insomnia in pt w/ depression

TCA (inhibit Ne and 5HT uptake)

best heard as pt leans forward and at end of epiration

aortic regurge

arises from C3-5 of spinal cord and innervates ipsilateral hemidiaphram cancer can irritate and cause hiccups

phrenic

diffuse medium sized lymphocytes and a high proliferation inde represented by Ki67 fraction

Burkitt lymphoma EBV origin (EBV accounts for 50% of systemic B cell lymphomas and almost ALL primary CNS lymphomas in HIV infection)

Missionarry from mexico w/ spotty hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration

Mexico...think hepatitis

diffuse swelling (ballooning degeneration) bridging necrosis mononucleuar inflammation fever and dark red urine

Hepatitis

prolonged pruritis and fatigue

primary sclerosing cholangitis

skin pigmentation and diabetes

hemochromatosis

integrin mediated adhesion of cells to BM and ECM requires...

binding of integrins to FIBRONECTIN, collagen, lamin

Raloxifene

SERM binds to estrogen receptors and has tissue specific behavior in bone estrogen agoinist effects predominate and osteporosis is inhibited in mammary tissue: estrogen antagnostist effects of raloxifene predominate

Alendronate

bone resorption inhibitor

0-4 hrs

minimal change

4-12

early coag necrosis edema hemorrhage w/ wavy fibers

12-24

coag necrosis | maginal CONRACTIOn band necrosis

1-5 d

coag necrosis | NEUTROPHILIC infiltrate

5-10 d

Mphage phagocytosis of dead cells completed by day 10 when accumulated mphages are replaced by granulation tissue

10-14 days

granulation tissue and neovascularization

2 wks -2 mos

collagen deposition and scar

Earliest lesion of atherosclerosis present in all individuals after age 10 composed of lipid filled foam cells

Fatty streaks can progress to atherosclerotic plaques later in lfie

new group of antifungals that inhibit synthesis of polysaccharide glucan

echinocandins

type of kidney stones associated w/ stones

oxalate kidney stones impaired bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum> LOSS of bile acids in the feces and subsequent malabsorption (lipids bind Ca ions and soap complex is excreted