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Test 48 Flashcards

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1
Q

Commonly develops following aspiration in ALCOHOLICS

filamentous
branching
gram + bacteria and sulfur granules

A

Pulmonary actinomycosis

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2
Q

Commonly develops following aspiration in ALCOHOLICS

filamentous
branching
gram + bacteria and sulfur granules

A

Pulmonary actinomycosis

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3
Q

SE of statins

A

myopathy and liver toxicity (hepatitis) in some pts

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4
Q

endocardial cushion defects

A

DS

ASD
regurgitant AV valves

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5
Q

tetraology of fallot

aortic arch abnormalities

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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6
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyoaphty

A

Friedrichs ataxia

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7
Q

spinocerebellar degeneration w/ predominant spinal ataxia

A

Friedrichs ataxia

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8
Q

cystic medial necrosis of the aorta

A

Marfans

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9
Q

valvular obstruction d/t cardiac rhabdomyomas

A

tuberous sclerosis

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10
Q

coarctation of hte aorta

A

turners syndrome

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11
Q

coarctation of hte aorta

A

turners syndrome

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12
Q

IgM Ab specific for Fc component of self IgG

A

Rheumatoid factor

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13
Q

Bilateral pain
stifness
deformity of PIP and MIP
rheumatoid nodules

A

RA

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14
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

CD4T cells induce B cells to synthesize RF which is an IgM Ab for SELF IgG. It binds IgG and forms ICs in the serum. Deposition in the synovium/cartilage> activates complement in those locations> chronic inflammation

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15
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

CD4T cells induce B cells to synthesize RF which is an IgM Ab for SELF IgG. It binds IgG and forms ICs in the serum. Deposition in the synovium/cartilage> activates complement in those locations> chronic inflammation

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16
Q

Antimitochondrial Abs

A

PBC

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17
Q

ANA

A

many CT disorders

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18
Q

Anti-centromere

A

CREST

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19
Q

serums ability to agglutinate sheep RBC

A

Monospot test

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20
Q

Anti-phospholipid Abs

A

SLE

antiphopholipid Ab syndrome

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21
Q

hypercoagulatbility
paradoxical PTT
recurrent miscarriages

A

Antiphospholipid ab syndrome

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22
Q

Ab to DSDNA

A

SLE

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23
Q

How do you avoid drug TOLERANCE while taking nitrates.

A

Take in AM and afternoon than have nitrate FREE period every day

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24
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci in a homeless pt

A

you should immediately think HIV since PJ exclusively affects immunocompromised people

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25
characteristic sx of esophagitis
painful swalllowing
26
three main causes of HIV associated esophagitis
Candida CMV Herpes
27
Gray/white pseudomembranes yeast cells and pseudohyphate that invade mucosa cells
candida
28
small vesicles that evolve into PUNCHED out ulcers intranuclear inclusions in multinuclear sq cells at margins of ulcers
HSV-1
29
linear ulceration
CMV
30
profuse watery diarrhea in HIV pts
Isopora belli
31
cardiomyopathy achalasia megacolon megaureter
chronic CHAGAS cause dby trypanosoma cruzi
32
cardiomyopathy achalasia megacolon megaureter
chronic CHAGAS cause dby trypanosoma cruzi
33
Used for short period to acheive rapid sx relief until slower acting drugs can take effect in pts w/ acute pain
prednisone
34
preferred tx for pts w/ moderate to severe RA
MTX
35
hypoxia induced vasoconstirction
COPD
36
how does chronic HTN lead to PH?
``` increased diastolic filling pressures to maintain SV/CO> increase in LA pressure> pulmonary venous congestion> increase in pulmonary A pressure> vasoconstriction ```
37
Aldosterone
absorption of Na low of K and H ions
38
hemiparesis w/ the ARM affected more than the LEG
MCA occlusion If in dominant hemisphere, aphasia may also occur
39
occlusion of left ACA
right hemiplegia with LE affected more than UE
40
occlusion of AICA
lateral inferior pontine syndrome
41
occlusion of PICA
lateral medullary syndrome
42
HOw does infection w/ M. pneumoniae lead to anemia?
shares Ags w/ human RBC> when body mounts response against htsoe Ags it lyses RBC > anemia
43
AR disorder in which lack of homogentisic oxidase BLOCKS metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine> accumulation of homogentisic acid> excreted as BLACK URINE
Alkaptonuria
44
Why is PO2 in the LA/Ventricle LOWER than that in the pulmonary capillaries?
mixing of oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins w/ deoxygenated blodo from bronchial arteries and thesbian veins
45
AD disorder that results in GOF mutation in FGFR3 gene
achondroplasia
46
what is the chance of passing on achdondroplasia?
most individuals are HETEROZYGOUS> 50% chance of transmitting mutaiton to offspring
47
myxomatous changes in the media of large arteries are associated w/ what pathology?
cystic MEDIAL degeneration> aortic dissectionsa nd aortic aneurysms
48
Medial degeneration is associated w/ what syndrome?
Marfans
49
Tx for rat poisoning
fresh frozen plasma and vit K
50
What is in rat poisoning?
brodifacoum--> long acting 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative> coagulopathy and abnormal bleeding
51
heparin overdose
protamine sulfate
52
used immediately after ingestion of rat poison
syrup of ipecac
53
commonly used tx for Psoriasis
topical vit D analgos: calcipotriene calcitrol tacalcitol
54
Meds that BIND vit D receptor and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and stimulate keratinocyte differentiation
vit D analogs
55
gradually progressive dyspnea bilateral reticulonodular opacities restrictive pattern pathcy interstitial lymphocytic inflammation and fibrosis of alveolar walls
pulmonary fibrosis "honecomb"
56
drug commonly used to tx RA that can cause interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis
MTX
57
>3 mos use of appetitie suppressants can lead to...
PH fenfluramine phenterine
58
dyspnea on exertion | RV hypertrophy> sudden cardiac death
PH
59
how do you distinguish different serotypes of s. pneumoniae?
capsular polysaccharide
60
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
unconjugated vaccine that induces a T cell independent response
61
pneumococcal conjugate avaccine
contains polysaccharide material attached to protein Ag> more robust T cell dep response
62
caudal regression syndrome
agenesis of sacrum flaccid paralysis of legs dorsiflexed feet urinary incontinence
63
what cuases caudal regression syndrome?
poorly controlled maternal diabetes
64
hwat pulls tropomyosin away exposing myosin binding sites
Troponin Ca complex

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