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Test 69 Flashcards

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1
Q

Attack rate

A

ratio of number of people who contract illness divded by number of ppl at risk of contracting illness

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2
Q

mucosa of terminal ileum inflammed (crohns) leads to…

A

decreased bile acid resorption and loss as feces>
increased lithogenciity o fbile>
cholesterol precipitates>
forms gallstones

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3
Q

why does prior infection w/ n. gonorrhea NOT results in lasting immunity

A

bacteria modify outer membrane proteins by process of antigenic variation

abs are highly strain specific or poorly protective

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4
Q

dose dep increase in cardiac contractility and dose dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance

A

Isoproterenol

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5
Q

isoproternol

A

increases cardiac contractility by acting on B1

at low doses binds B2> relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

NO effect on alpha receptors

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6
Q

NE

A

a1 reeptors> increase in systemic vascular resistance

B1> mild increase in myocardial ocntractility

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

central SNS agent

A2 recepotrs in brainstem> decreases peripheral vascular resistance and HR

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8
Q

Labetolol

A

a1 blocking effects

non selective B blopcker

DECREASE in myocardial onctracility and SVR

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9
Q

Phenylphrine

A

A1>A2 agonist effects

infusion> increase in SVR

Sympathomimetic drug

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10
Q

secreted/no absorbedin the PCT

A

PAH
creatinine
inulin
urea

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11
Q

absorbed/decreased in PCT

A

bicarb
glucose
AA

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12
Q

damaged by forceful ANTERIOR motion of tibia w/ respect to femur

A

ACL

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13
Q

syndrome of prolonged repetitive muscle contractions

A

Dystonia

Impaired fxn of basal ganglia

(cervical dystonia, blepharospasm (eyelids), writers cramp)

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14
Q

myoclonus

A

sudden brief severe muscle contraction (falling asleep)

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15
Q

acute onset
midchest pleuritic pain
decreases on sitting up and leaning forward

A

acute pericarditis

*pericardial friction rub

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16
Q

FF

A

GFR/RPF

*ureteral constriction= GFR is decreased, slighly increased RPF>

decreased filtration fraction

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17
Q

tx giardiasis
trichomonas vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis

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A

oral metronidazole

*disulfiram rxn

18
Q

leading cuase of pneumonia, otitis media, MENINGITIS in aduls

19
Q

lancet shaped gram + cocci in pairs

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A

s. pneumoniae

20
Q

bean shaped gram - cocci in pairs

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A

n. meningitidis

21
Q

gram + cocci in clusters

22
Q

gram - coccobacillus

23
Q

facultatively intracellular motile gram + rod

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A

listeria monocytogenes

24
Q

sudden onset abdominal/flank kpain, hematoria and left sidded varicocele in pt w/ nephrotic syndrome

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A

HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE> renal vein thrombosis

25
ST elevation in leads V1-V3
LAD occlusion
26
sense hypoxia nd respond by synthesizing EPO> | production of RBC in bone marrow
Renal cortical cells in kidney
27
most effective anticoagulant at inactivating thrombin binds both antithrombin and thrombin to allow antithrmbin to inactivate thrombin
unfractionated heparin
28
unfractionated heparin | LMWH
bind to antithrombin to INCREASE activity against Factor Xa
29
why should nitrates NOT be used w/ PDE inhbitors
BOTH incrase cGMP> vascular SM relaxatoin> | profound hypotension
30
Hypocapnia
alveolar HYPERventilation *arterial PaCO22 is a direct indicator of alveolar venitlation status
31
upper airway obstruction reduced ventilatory drive respiratory muscle fatigue decreased chest wall compliance
alveolar HYPOventilation and hypercapnia
32
UT infection in children that leads to: | dysuria and hematuria--> heomorrhagic cystitis
ADENOVIRUS
33
M3 AML persistent infection coagulopathy> hemorrhagic signs/sxs promyelocytes w/ auer rods
t(15:17) fusion of ALPHA RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR GENE and PML gene
34
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome CML BCR-ABL fusion protein
35
(t8;14), t(8;22)
Burkitt lymphoma movement of myc protooncogene from chrom 8 to region near the IG promoter site on chromosomes 14, 22, 2
36
t(14;18)
non hodgkin follicular small cell lymphoma places BCL-2 protooncogene from chrom 18 near IG heavy chain promoter on chrom 15
37
found in the cell walls of tropheryma whippeli and colors MAGENTA w/ PAS and is diastase resistant> good for evluating Whipple disease
Glycoprotein
38
Calcium
dark purple deposit | H and E stain
39
Iron
blue stained w/ prussian blue
40
damage leads to hemibaillism
subthalamic nucleus (most often d/t lacunar stroke)--> usually CONTRALATERAL
41
WING BEATING TREMOR PSYCHOSIS CIRRHOSIS
WILSON DISEASE > hepatolenticular degeneration (GP and putamen)
42
damage to internal capsule
perforating arteries are obstructed (lacunar infarcts)> pure MOTOR or pure SENSORY deficits

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