Test 93

Question 1

Trousseau’s syndrome

Answer 1

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis–indication of a visceral cancer!!

Question 2

several episodes of thrombophlebitis in various sites in both arms and legds

Answer 2

visceral cancer!!

hypercoagulatbility is a common paraneoplastic sydnrome commonly seen with adenocarcinomas of hte pancreas, colon and lung

Question 3

survives inside MPHAGES
dauses a disseminated mycosis in IMmunoCOMP pts

SYSTEMIC sxs
painful oral ulcers
lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenogmegaly

Answer 3

Histoplasma capsulatum

**may also see hilar adenopathy

Question 4

Aspergillus fumigatus

Answer 4

MONOmorphic fungi w/ ONLY a mold form

seen in tissue w/ ACUTE ANGLE V shaped branidng

Question 5

Most frequent opportunistic pathogen

extracellular

forms ovoid yeast cells w/ pseudohyphae

Answer 5

CAndida

Question 6

causes meningoencephalitis, pulmonary crtptoccocis in those w/ HIV

has a LARGE polysaccharide capsule (INDIA INK YO)

Answer 6

Cryptococus neoformas

Question 7

can cause a disseminiated mycosis in immunocomp pts

large thicked walled spherules w/ endosspores

Answer 7

coccioides immits

Question 8

counteract PNS stimulation of vagus causing bronchoconstriction in lungs

Answer 8

tiotroprium

ipratropium

Question 9

ABrupt onset of gross hematuria in a pt w/ sickle cell disease

dark rust colored or bloody urine and acute coliky flank pain d/t acute utreteral obstruction from sloughed paipillae

COMMON SXS!!

Answer 9

Papillary necrosis!

(anything that decreases renal blood flow)

seen w/ sickle cell
DM
analgesic nephroapthy

severe obstrucive pyelonephritis

Question 10

Muddy brown granular casts in hospitalized pt w/ oliguira

Answer 10

ischemic tubular necrosis

Question 11

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
ARF

Answer 11

HUS

Question 12

IL-1
IL-6
TNFa

Answer 12

mediate SYSTEMIC inflammatory response
stimulate hepatic secretion of acute phase proteins (fibrinogen)

High levels of circulating fibringoen increased ESR

Question 13

heavy, red, boggy lobe

Answer 13

congestion

alveolar exudate contains mostly bacteria

Question 14

red firm lobe liver like consistancey

Answer 14

red hepaization

alveolar exudate w/ RBC, neutrophils, fibirin

Question 15

gray brown firm lobe

Answer 15

gray hepatatization

RBC disintegrate

alveolar exudste contains neutrophils and fibrin

Question 16

most likely cause of fatigue and new onset cardiac murmur in young adult

Answer 16

bacterial endocarditis

Question 17

complication of bacteria lendocarditis

Answer 17

acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to circulating immune complexes

Question 18

children

Answer 18

intussusception

Question 19

hypersecretion of gastrin by a pancreatic tumor

Answer 19

ZE syndrome

increases gastric acid secretion> peptic ulcers

diarrhea is another common sx

Question 20

chronic antral predominant gastritis

Answer 20

h. pylori infection

Question 21

biphasic pattern of cellularity (highly cellular areas intermixed w/ myxoid regions of LOW cellularity)

Verocay bodies

S100 positivity
arise from peripheral nerves, nerve roots and cranial nerves

Answer 21

Schwannomas!!

often at cerebellopontine angle at CNVIII

Question 22

anotehr important S100 + tumor

Answer 22

melanoma (schwannoma)

Question 23

bizarre loking glial cells w/ mitotic figures
PSEUDOPALISADING necrosis
often in WHITE MATTER

crosses corpus collosum

Answer 23

glioblastoma

Question 24

arise from cells of arachnoid

cells in whorls with psammoma bodies

Answer 24

meningiomas

Question 25

optic glioma

Answer 25

commonly seen w/ NF1 (rosenthal fibers)

Question 26

demyelinated plaques

Answer 26

MS

Question 27

large intracytoplasmic vacuoles (spongiform)

Answer 27

CFJ D

Question 28

``` HTN basal ganglia cerebellum thalamus pons intracerebral hemorrhage progressive neuro deficits ```

Answer 28

charcot bouchard

Question 29

APKD, ED circle of willis 2025 mm SUB arachonoid hemorrhage SUDDEN severe HA no FOCAL neuro deficitis

Answer 29

sacccular (berry) anneurysms

Question 30

deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage caused by hypertensive vasculopathy of small penetrating branches of cerebral arteries

Answer 30

charcot bouchard

Question 31

ATN

Answer 31

can be assocaited w/ multiorgan FAILURE> most pts experience tubular re-epitheliazation adn REG'AIN normal renal fucntion

Question 32

ortner syndrome

Answer 32

mitral stenosis > left atrial dilation sufficient to impinge on recurrent largyngeal nerve (HOARSENESS)

Question 33

rising fever, bacteremia, brdaycardia> abdominal pain rose spots> hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal bleeding

Answer 33

typhoid fever penetrates gut via phagocytosis by M cells

Question 34

involuntary, rapid, irregular jerking movements involiving face arms and legs

Answer 34

syndham chorea can occur MONTHS after GAS infection and is one of hte MAJOR clinical manifestations of ACute RF **these pts have a high risk of valve disease

Question 35

transmural inflammation w/ fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 35

PAN associated w/ HBV!!!! in 10-30% of cases

Question 36

granulomas w/ eosinophilic necrosis

Answer 36

churg strauss

Question 37

impaired bone matrix formation

Answer 37

OI bone matrix = hydroxy apatite crystals and type I colagen components

Question 38

defect in mineralization of bone matrix

Answer 38

vit D def

Question 39

endochondral ossification

Answer 39

long bones

Question 40

intramembranous ossification

Answer 40

flat bones

Question 41

rare but SEVERE complication of halothane exposure

Answer 41

massive HEPATIC NECROSIS occurs d/t direct liver injury by halothane metabolites and formation of autoAbs against liver progetins CENTRILOBULAR hepatic necrosis

Question 42

microvesicular fatty chagne

Answer 42

REyes syndrome (kids 5-10 tx w/ salicylates)

Question 43

macrovesicular fatty chagne

Answer 43

ETOH chronic

Question 44

hepatic grannulomatosis

Answer 44

methyldopa hydralazine quinidine