Test 88 Flashcards by Sarah Carlson

Acute onset
imapired consciousness
flucutating course
reversible
global memory impairment

delirium

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Gradual onset
intact consciousnes
progressive course
irreverible
remote memory spared

dementia

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gradual onset
intact consciousness
episodic course
reversible
moderately imapired focus/ concentration

depression

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requirements for growth of H influenzae

X (hematin)

V (NAD+)

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satellite phenomenon when H influenza is grown near S. aureus

S aureus colonies produce the needed X and V factors for H. influenza to grow

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essential GF for many bacteria and is provided in all blood agars d/t presence of RBCs

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shooting pain down the POSTERIOR thigh and leg

decreased ankle jerk reflex

SCIATICA in S1

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supplies most of the skin of hte anterior thigh

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (purely sensory)

L2 and L3

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L4 damage

impairment of knee jerk reflex

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can activate all the proteolytic pancreatic enzymes including its own zymogenic form

Trypsin

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premature activationg of trypsinogen BEFORE it reaches the duodenal lumen

autodigestion of the pancreatic tissues

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gene mutations that render trypsin insensitive to cleavage inactivation (by trypsin itself) can cause….

hereditary pancreatitis

SPINK-1 genes

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drugs associated w/ megaloblastic anemia

MTX

phenytoin

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Causes 80% of acute pancreatitis cases

gallstones and chronic alcoholism

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serum TG levels greater than 1000

can cause acute pancreatitis

inherited /acquired hyper TG

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Cirrhosis
CNS involvement
Kayser Fleisher rings
DECREASED ceruloplasmin
inchreased hepatic copper content

WIlsons disease

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Cirrhosis
pancreatic fibrosis> diabetes
cardiomyoipathy
secondary hypogonadism
High Ferritin

Hemochromatosis

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Increased concentration of oxalate in the urine

intestinal malabsorption syndromes (Chrons)> calcium oxalate renal stones

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Postural skeletal muscles: soleus and paraspinal msucles

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Type I SLOW twitch
red muscle fibers
derive ATP from oxidative metabolism–>
increased MITOCHONDRIA…and MYOGLOBIN

White fibers
decreased mito/myoglobin
increased anaerobic glycolysis

WeIGHT training

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Type 2 (any muscles that provide rapid forcefull movements are fast twitch)

hypercalcemia
hypercalciuria
confusion
polyuria/polydipsia
anorexia
vomiting
muscle weakness

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Excess vitamin D!!!

Why do pts w/ granulomatous disorders (sarcoidosis, TB, HOdgkins, non hodgkins) frequently develop hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?

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High serum CALCITRIOL levels> increased intestinal Ca absorption/ bone resorption

can cause culture negative endocarditis

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Bartonella
Coxiella
myocplasma
histoplasma
chylamydia
HACEK

RT inhibitors that DO NOT require activation via intracellular phosphorylation

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NNRTIs
nevirapine
efavirenz
devalvirdine

Zidovudine | Zalcitabine

NRTI

Ritonavir

HIV protease inhibitor

Efurvitide

fusion inhibiotr

Syncope Angina dyspnea systolic ejection murmur at RIGHT second intercostal space that can radiate to CAROTIDS

SAD= severe aortic sentosis

MC cause of AS

senile calcific aortic valve degeneration

PAH

secreted into nephron by PROXIMAL TUBULE but NOT resorbed by any portion of the nephron ...conc is LOWEST in the bowmans space

SErtraline SE

SSRI sexual dysfunction

SE of TCA

anticholinergic effects= urinary retention

feared SE d/t OVERDOSE w/ TCAS

CArdiac arrythmias

cancer that arises 10 years after radical mastectomy w/ axiallary LN dissection for breast cancer

lymphangiosarcoma

carcinoma associated w/ arsenic, thorotrast, and polyvinyl chloride

liver hemangiosarcoma

Older pt | paina nd deformity in bony area and hearing loss

Paget's disease

cause of paget's disease

excessive osteoclasti bone resorption> incrased bone turnover and chaotic one formation

OG poisoning

OGs bind IRREVERSIBLY to cholinesterase> state of cholinergic EXCESSIVE salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis...etc. LEAKY tx. w/ atropine (blocks Muscarinic receptor)

common complication of gram - sepsis, acute pancreatitis and burn injury

DIC

fragmented RBC thrombocytopenia prolonged PT/PTT decraesed fibrinogen, factor V and VIII

DIC

Teardrop cells

myelofibrosis (bone marrow replaced by fibrosis and RBC must squeeze out)

Target cells

HbC Asplenia Liver disease Thalessemia

pancytopenia low reticulocyte count absent splenomegaly

Aplastic anemia

Oral administration of a drug vs. IV, sublingual, rectal

Oral= LARGE first pass metabolism IV, sublingual, rectal= bypasses most metabolizing processes and allows drugs to reach systemic circulation

signet ring carcinoma

one of the two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (abundant mucin drops PUSH nucleus to ONE SIDE >signet ring profile) IFILTRATES areas of the stomach> leather bottel stomach

Leads to impairment of platelet function and coagulation pathway abnormalities

vWF def Prolonged BT, prolonged PTT, decreased platelet agg in response to ristocetin

ristocetin aggregation test

used to measure vWF dependent platelet aggregation Ristocetin activates GP1b-X receptors on PLATELETS adn makes them available for vWF binding If vWF is DECREASED there is POOR platelet aggregation in teh presence of ristocetin

Test 88 Flashcards

(47 cards)