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Test 74 Flashcards

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1
Q

partial mole

A

tripolid karyotype
vaginal bleeding
lower abdominal pain

associated w/ LOW risk invasive trophoblastic disease

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2
Q 
vaginal bleeding
enlraged uterus
pre-eclampsia
bunch of grapes
NO fetal tissue
46XX, XY

great risk of malignant trophoblastic disease

A

Complete mole

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3
Q

PSGN

A

Enlarged hypercellular glomeruli
lumpy bumpy granular deposits of IgG and C3
Elecron desen deposits on EPITHELIAL side of membrane

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4
Q

basement membrane splitting

A

MPGN and alport syndrome

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5
Q

uniform diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls

A

membranous glomerulopathy

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6
Q

linear IgG and C3 deposits

A

anti GBM disease
Goodpasture syndrome

crescent formation

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7
Q

recurrent infections caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria and opportunistic pathogens
FTT
chronic diarrhea
in first year of life

A

SCID

*pneumocystis infections
chronic mucocandidiasis

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8
Q

recurrent infections caused by extracellular encapsulated organisms

A

Agammaglobulinemia

isolated B cell defect

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9
Q

candida skin test

A

gauges activity of cell mediated IR

active cells are CD4, CD8 T lylmphocytes and NK cells

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10
Q

anergy

A

expected in SCID where there is hypoplasia of both B and T cell lines

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11
Q

hemoptysis from alveolar hemorrhage

NO granulomas on lung pathology

A

goodpasture syndrome

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12
Q

asthma like sxs

granulomas w/ central necrotic azone

A

churg strauss

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13
Q

Ureters

A

cross OVER hte common/external iliac

UNDER the gonadal vessels

anteroLATERAL to the internal iliac
MEDIAL to ovarian vessels

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14
Q

undesirable affect of volatile anesthetics

A

INCREASE cerebral blood flow>
increased ICP

also cause:
myocardial depression, hYPOtn, respiratory depression, decreased renal fxn

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15
Q

elevated in pts w/ HF and used to determine if pt is suffering from CHF exacerbation

A

BNP

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16
Q

mechanism of ANP and BNP

A

activates GC which induces an increase of intracellular cyclic GMP

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17
Q

natriuretic peptides

A

cause vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis

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18
Q

bradykinin

A

constrict veins and dilate arterioles to increase renal perfusion

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19
Q

endothelin

angiotensin II

A

vasoconstrictors that increase the AFTERLOAD which the failing heart has to pump against in the setting of HF

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20
Q

MC cardiovascular manifetation associated w/ SLE

sharp pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting/leaning forwad

A

pericarditis

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21
Q

TRUE hyphae
incubated at 37 degrees for 3 hours
GERM TUBES

A

Candidiaseis

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22
Q

most likely site of candida BEFORE entering sputum

A

normal inhabitant of GI intract (including oral cavity) in up to 40% of population> coommon contaminant of sputum cultures

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23
Q

Anti-GBM Abs that react w/ a componeent of alpha 3 cahin of collagen type IV

A

Goodpasture syndrome

rapidly progressive GN>
acute renal failure and hemoptysis d/t pulmonary hemorrhage

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24
Q

joint paina nd cardiac murmur

A

rheumatic heart disease

M proteins of strep cross react w/ glycoprotein Ags in heart and joints

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25
dysphagia and scleorodactaly
CREST syndrome (anti-centromere abs)
26
flushing and warmth after taking med for hyperlipidemia
NIACIN> cutaneous flushing d/t PGS Prevented by aspirin pre tx
27
reduces pain by decreasing hte level of substance P in the PNS
capsaicin
28
mediates vancomyacin induced red man syndsrome
histamine
29
Vasopressin
V2 receptor mediated increase in permeability to water and urea at luminal membrane of inner medullary colledting duct (increase in urea corresponds to a DECREASE in the fractional excretion of urea and a DECREASE in the renal clearance of urea from the plasma)
30
focal areas of fat necrosis, Ca depositiona dn interstitial edema
acute interstitial pancreatitis chalky white areas interspersed w/ hemorrhage
31
diseases that cause diarrhea w/ a small inoculum
c. jejuni shigella entamoeaba giardia
32
requrie high inoculums
salmonella vibrio c. perfringens e. coli
33
removal of inhaled particles that lodge in the bronchial tree
proximal transport of mucus by CILIATED epithelial cells
34
xanthomas
hyperlipidemia | present in conjunction w/ family hx of early cardiac death
35
carcinonid tmors
composed of nests/sheets of uniform cells eosinophili cytoplasm and oval to round stippled nuclei *derived from ECL cells of intestinal mucosa
36
MC location of intestinal carcinonids
ileum often occur in appendix/rectum
37
dose limiting SE of vincristine
neurotoxicity | failure of microtubule polymerization in euronal axons
38
pulmonary fibroiss and flagellate skin discoloration
bleomycin
39
SE of doxorubicin
CHF
40
SE of cyclophosphamide
hemorrhagic cystitis
41
reduced lungn compliance
for a given volume pressure is INCREASED
42
Nifedipine
peripheral vasodialation> reflex tachycardia * useful for pts w/ bradycardia * does not affect AV conduction
43
Verapamil and diltiazem
CARDIAC Specific RATE control in a. fib slow conduction through AV node
44
Metoprolol
cardioselective beta adrenergic agent GREATER affinity for B1 receptors> mediate AV nodal conduction> SLOW AV nodal conduction
45
S4
often heard in OLDER adults d/t age related DECREASE in left ventricular compliance (ventricular hypertorphy following prolonged HTN)
46
POSTprandial epigastric pain food aversion/weight loss generalized atherosclerosis
chronic mesenteric ischemia> *intestinal angina (analogous to STABLE angina, occurs d/t increased myocardial oxygen demand is is relieved w/ rest/nitroglycerin)
47
Turner syndrome cardiac anomaly
bicuspid aortic valve
48
MVP
marfan and ED syndromes
49
block that provides anesthesia to majority of perineum
pudendal nerve *palpate for the ischial spines
50
provide complete perineal and genital anesthesia
genitofemoral | ilioinguinal nerves
51
major determinant of viral tropism for specific tissues of specific hosts
extent to which the viral surface proteins can bind to complementary host cell plasmalemma recetpors *mutation in viral encoded envelope GLYCOPROTEIN
52
pathogenesis of Crohns
TH1 that mediate delayed hypersensitivity rxns and GRANULOMA FORMATION increased TH1> IL-2, IFNy, TNF> intestinal injury *non caseating granulomas are characteristic of crohns
53
sudden upward stretching of the arm at hte shoulder
damages lower trunk of BP (C8-T1)> median and ulnar nerves > innervate intrinsic muscles of hand
54
fluid filled cavity in the liver | fevers, chills, RUQ abdominal pain
hepatic abscess
55
causes hepatic abscesses via hematogenous seeding of the liver
s. aureus
56
cause hepatic abscesses by ASCENDING the biliary tract
e. coli klebsiella enterococci
57
proto-oncogene
stimulate cell proliferation
58
ras n-myc ERB-B1 ERB-B2 TGFa sis abl
proto-oncogenes
59
``` BRCA NF1 APC/b catenin DCC p52 RB WT-1 ```
anti0oncogenes
60
elevated wedge pressure
suggestive of cardiogenic (Hemodynamic) cause of pulmonary edema (pulmonary venous HTN)
61
ARDS
increased pulmonary capillary permeability> interstitial and alveolar edema nad exudate elads to DECREAE in lung compliance, INCREASED work of breathing, WORSE V/Q PCWP is NORMAL
62
fever jaundice anorexia IV drug user
viral hepatitis (HCV)
63
acute viral hepatitis
hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis
64
apoptotic hepatocytes
shrink nuclear fragmentation intensely eosinophilic (acidophilic bodies, councilman bodies, apoptotic bodies)
65
liquefactive necrosis
CNS infarcts
66
fibrinoid necrosis
inflammation and necrosis of arterial walls in vasculitisq
67
peptostreptococcus prevotella bacteroides fusobacgterium
ANAEROBIC bacteria NORMALLY found in ORAL cavity and are most frequent cause of lung ABSCESSES
68
RF for lung abscesses
conditions increase aspiration risk (alcoholism, drug abuse, seizure disorders, stroke, dementia)
69
encephalitis that lkes temporal lobe aphasia olfactory hallucinations personality changes edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes
HSV-1 encephalitis
70
psychotorpic medication that causes HYPOthyroidism (weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and accumulates in pts w/ renal insufficiency
Li
71
mediates vascular rxn to endothelial and intimal injury
intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis medaited by reactive SMOOTH MUSCLE cells that migrate from media to INTIMA

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