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Test 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

first line drug for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

you can also use baclofen and VA but they’re not first line choices

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2
Q

phenobarbital

A

tonic clonic seizures

1st line epilepsy drug in neonates

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3
Q

treats schizophrenia, acute psychoses, acute mania and tourettes

A

haloperidol

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4
Q

migraine prophylaxis and redution of portal venous pressure to prevent variceal belled

A

propranolol

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5
Q

gives rise to the collecting tubules, ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvisa nd ureters

A

ureteric bud

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6
Q 
gives rise to the:
glomeruli
Bowman's space
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
DCT
A

metanephric mesoderm

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7
Q

linkage disequilibrium

A

pair of alleles are inherited together in the same gamete more or less often than would be expected by random chance

measured in a POPULATION

*can occur even if genes are on different chromosomes

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8
Q

presence of mitochondrial disease is related to the proportion of abnormal to normal mitochondria in a pt’s cells

A

Heteroplasmy

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9
Q

occurrence of multiple phenoytypic manifestations that result from a single gene

A

pleiotropy

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10
Q

Changes in personality, social behavior and language that occurs over time and progresses to a more global dementia

A

frototermporal dementia (Pick’s)

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11
Q

hippocampus

A

inabijlity to form new memories (alz)

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12
Q

parietal cortex

A

integrates sensor information

gerstmann syndrome (r/L confusion, dysgraphia, dycalcula and finger agnosia

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13
Q

destruction of subthalamic nucleus

A

hemiballismus (involuntary flinging movements of extremities contralateral to the lesion)

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14
Q

inactivated version of influenza (shot)

A

induce neutralizing abs against hemagglutinin Ag

subsequent exposure of virus, Ab bind to hemaglutinin on host cell membrane and prevents viral cells from endocytosing

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15
Q

inactivated viral vaccines

A

generate a humoral immune response

RIP Always

Rabies
Influenza
Polio
hep A

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16
Q

live attenuated viral vaccines

A

strong cell mediated immune resopnse + provide humoral immunitygmnvf

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17
Q

pathogenesis of centriacinar emphysema assoc w/ chronic heavy smoking

A

release of proteinases (elastases) from infiltrating NEUTROPHILS and macrophages

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18
Q

detoxify inhaled substances by p450 mechanism

A

club cells

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19
Q

cause of dilated coronary sinus

A

coronary sinus communicates w/ the right atrium and can become dilated secondary to any factor that causes RIGHT atrial dilation

often this is pulm a. HTN which leads to elevated right heart pressures

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20
Q

organ that is NOT a gut derivative and forms from the mesodermal dorsal mesentery

A

spleen

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21
Q

esophagus through the second part of the duodenum
liver
gallbladder
portion of pancreas

A

foregut

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22
Q

<5 mm bruise

A

petechiae

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23
Q

5mm-1 cm bruise

24
Q

> 1 cm bruise

25
small, focal permanent dilations of superficial capillaries/venules. Blanch under pressure b/c RBC are confined to vasculature.
telangiectasias
26
hematocrit > 52% in men and 48% in women
erythrocytosis
27
polycythemia w/ normal RBC mass
Relative erythrocytosis can be caused by aggressive diuretic therapy for heart failure exacerbation
28
primary erythrocytosis
low EPO disoders (caused by MPDs like PCVera)
29
Increased EPO levels d/t chronic hypoxia from high altitudes, somking, COPD
Secondary erythrocytosis
30
zona glomerulosa
synthesizes mineralcorticoids
31
HTN, profound muscle weakenss, HYPOkalemia an dmetabolic alkalosis w/ marked hypernatremia
excess mineralcorticoids renin is usually low d/t hypervolemia! hypokalemia> muscle weakeness
32
isolated systolic HTN in elderly
age related decrease in complilance (stiffness of aorta)
33
Bacillus anthracis toxin
edema factor AC that causes massive INCREASE in intracellular cAMP> neutrophil/macrophage dysfunction/tissue edema
34
organism that has a similar toxin to bacillus anthracis
AC toxin produced by bordetella pertussis (impairs phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe)
35
K eq if G is negative
K eq is GREATER than 1 and concentration of products is favored
36
K eq if G is positive
Keq is LESS than 1 and formation of SUBSTRATES is favored
37
how do you dx c. diff
toxins genes in the stool w/ PCR
38
what can reverse the toxicity of methotrexate in GI mucosa and bone marrow
Leucovorin (folinic acid) doesn't require DHFR for conversion to THF
39
Ondansetron
N/V after chemo inhibits 5HT3 in area posteream and solitary nucleus
40
FIlgrastim
G-CSF analog used to stimulate proliferatoin/differentiation of granulocytes in pts w/ neutropean
41
Mesna
prevents HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS by binding acrolein IN PTS getting cyclophosphagmide
42
dexrazoxane
iron chelating agent that can prevent anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity
43
amifostine
cytoprotective free radical scaveneger used to decrease cumulative nephrotoxicity
44
confusion, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis caused by SSRI or Mao I
Serotonin syndrome
45
Precursor for serotonin
Tryptophan
46
precursor for thyroxine, DA, Epi, NE, melanin
tyrosine
47
GABA precursor
glutamic acid
48
histamine precursos
histidine
49
precursor for syteine, carnitine, taurine, lecithin
methionine
50
antitdote for serotonin syndrome
cyproheptadine
51
benzo overdose
flumazenil
52
Drug that can cause AV block (BRADYCARDIA), ventricular tachyarrythmias and HYPERKALEMIA
Digoxin
53
inducing stimulation of AV node by vagus nerve causing slowing of conduction through AV node
common second line tx for a. fib Digoxin **hard to dose, so toxicity sxs are common
54
gram positive cocci that produces dextrans from glucose that helps organisms to colonize host surfaces (dental enamel and heart valves)
viridans streptococci
55
histological finding of A1AT def
reddish pink PAS granules of unsecreted polymerized A1AT in periportal hepatocytes
56
Progressive exertional dyspnea, elevated liver enzymes, and liver biopsy that shows specimen w/ PAS staining
A1AT --decreased secretion d/t abnormal protein folding can effect lung AND liver lead to intraalveolar septal destruction
57
hawthorne effect
tendency of study subjects to change behavior as a result of awareness fo being studied

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