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Test 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Swallow and swish agent that treats oropharyngeal candidiasis in pts w/ advanced immunodeficiency

A

Nystatin

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2
Q

drug that binds ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane leading to the formation of PORES and leakage of fungal cell contents

A

Nystatin (same as amphotericin B–SYSTEMIC MYCOSES, administered IV, never used for simple mucocutaneous infections d/t toxic SE)

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3
Q

Antiviral drug effective aginst HSV1/2 and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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4
Q

Nucleoside analog that is converted into acyclo GTP in infected cells which INHIBITS viral DNA polymerase

A

Acyclovir

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5
Q

Inhibits fungal cell mitosis at METAPHASE

A

Griseofulvin

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6
Q

Used for dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm)

A

griseofulvin

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7
Q

Inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase

A

Terbinafine

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8
Q

antifungal that acccumulates in the skin, nails and adipose and is used to treat dermatophytes (especially fungal infections of the finger/toe nails)

A

Terbinafine

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9
Q

Glomerulonephritis
photosensitivie skin rash
arthralgias

A

SLE

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10
Q

why can pts with SLE have a paradoxical aPTT prolongation and a FALSE positive RPR/VDRL?

A

Antiphospholipid Abs (commonly seen w/ SLE in 10-30% of pts)

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11
Q

These pts often have a history of thrombosis and spontaenous abortion

A

anticardiolipin antibodies

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12
Q

used to test the association between 2 categorical variables

A

chi squared test

CHI-tegorical: often looks at percentages or proportions

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13
Q

compares two group means

A

two sample t test

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14
Q

compares differences between means of 3 or more groups

A

ANOVA

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15
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

gardnerella

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16
Q

trochomoniasis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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17
Q

syphillis

A

treponema pallidum

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18
Q

genital herpes

A

HSV

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19
Q

chronic, localized infection of firm dome shaped, umbilicated papules on the skin

A

molluscum contagiosum

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20
Q

cause of PID leading to ectopic pregnancy

A

N. gonn

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21
Q

population that commonly has B12 deficiency

A

elderly w/ chronic anemia

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22
Q

how do you tx an elderly person w/ chronic anemia?

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A

B12 parenteral administration

23
Q

Type III rxn to nonhuman proteins (rituximab, infliximab, venom antitoxins) characterized by vasculitis d/t tissue deposition of circulating immune complexes

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A

Serum sickness

24
Q

Fever
pruritis skin rash
arthralgias
low serum C3 C4

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A

Serum sickness

25
Serum sickness
IC disease in which Abs to foreign proteins are produced (takes 5 days). IC form and are deposited in membranes where htey fix complement and lead to tissue damage.
26
Mainstay therapy for acute mania
mood stabilizing agent: Li valproate carbamazepine + an atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine) effective in 60% of pts
27
Lorazepama nd chlordizepoxide
Mediuma nd long half life benzodiazepines
28
Paroxetine
SSRI--inhibits 5HT reuptake flashbacks )(fuloxetine) PARALYZE senior (sertriline) citizens (citalopram)
29
Buproprion
Mixed DA/NE reuptake inhibiotr Depressiona dn smoking addiction
30
What does PCR require?
primers that are complementary to regions of DNA flanking segment to be amplified
31
when is a cricothyrotomy indicated
when emergency airway is required/orotracheal/nasotracheal intubation has fialed or is contraindicated
32
Cricothyrotomy requires incision through which structures?
1. Skin 2. superficial cervical fascia 3. investing petracheal fascia 4. cricothyroid membrane
33
what carries the most highly oxygenated blood in the fetus?
umbilical vein (empties directly into IVC via DUCTUS VENOSUS)
34
What causes hypoxia induced lactic acidosis
low acitivity of PDH (phosphorylation pathway) and high LDH activity
35
pyruvate kinase
converts PEP to pyruvate
36
enolase
converts 2 phosphoglycerate to PEP
37
these two bacteria secrete toxins that act by ribosylating and inactivating EF-2> inhibits host cell protein synthesis> cell death
Diptheria toxin pseudomonal exotoin A
38
double vision, ptosis, difficulty swallowing, nausea, dry mouth after eating "ethnic food"
BOTULINUM TOXIN inhibits cholinergic nerves
39
blocks the presynaptic exocytosis of ACH
botulinum toxin
40
prevent the degradation of ACh in the synaptic cleft
organophosphates
41
cyclic breathing in which apnea is followed by gradually inceasing tidal volumes then gradually decreasing tidal volumes in next apneic period
Cheyne strokes respirations Cycles of hyperventilation and apnea
42
What type of respirations are seen w/ advanced heart failure?
cheyne stokes
43
Deletion/insertion of a single nucleotide
causes a fRAMESHIFT mutation> production of entirely different protein
44
Fatigue, conjunctiva pallor, dysphagia, disfigured nails (spoon nails)
IDA dysphagia is caused by formation of esophageal webs
45
What does NADPH oxidase help kill
microbes w/in neutrophil and macrophage phagolysosomes
46
Pts w/ CGD (defective NADPH oxidase) develop recurrent bacterial and fungal ifnections caused by what 5 organisms?
5 catalse +: CATS Need PLACESS to hide ``` Nocardia Pseudomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida Cepacia (burkholderia) E. Coli Staph. Aureus Serratia ```
47
Why do we give the H. influenzae vaccine
reduces incidence of meningitis, pneumonia, epitlottis ``` haEMOPhilius: Epiglottis Meningitis Otitsi media Pneumonia ```
48
Normal tracheal PO2 and normal alveolar pO2
tracheal- 150 alveolar- 104
49
Diffusion limited sates
emphysema pulmonary fibrosis exercise> high pulmonary blood flow
50
Common SE of streptokinase
hemorrhage
51
thrombolytic agent taht converts plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
52
how do you treat hypovolemic shock?
Identify/eliminate source of bleeding Rapid infusion of blood products and normal saline
53
How does IV fluid affect CO?
increases preload leading to increased ventricular myocardial sarcomere length> increased SV and CO
54
In the final step of insulin syntehsis, teh pancreatic beta cell cleaves away a portion of the proinsulin polpypeptide chain forming insulin. What happens to the removed prtion?
The C peptide is formed from proinsulin in the GA and packaged along w/ insulin in islet cell secretory granuloes and secreted in equimolar concentrations w/ insulin

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