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Test 85 Flashcards

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1
Q

RVH

A

Cor pulmonale

caused by pulmonary HTN seen in F 20-40

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2
Q

Essential HTN and aortic stenosis cause what type of hypertrophy

A

LEFT VH

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3
Q

Pica

A

compulsive consumption of nonfood

common in pregnancy

usually ice

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4
Q

CGD inheritance

A

X linked mutation that affects NADPH oxidase

reccurent bacterial and fungal infections

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5
Q

dx CGD

A

ABSENCE of normal BLUE and fluroscent GREEN pigment produced by NITROBLUE TETRAZOLIUM test and DIHYRORHODAMINE flow cytometry

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6
Q

Nitroblue tetrazolium testing

A

Add NBT to sample of pt’s neutrophils

properly functioning neutrophils produce ROS that can REDUCE the yellow NBT to DARK BLUE that preceipitates in cells

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7
Q

Dihydrorhodamine

A

assesses production of superoxide radicals by measuring conversion of DHR to RHOdamine which shoiuld come out fluorescent green

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8
Q

ADA def

A

AR

SECOND MC cause of SCID

PROFOUND decrease in B and T cells

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9
Q

mutlisubunit complex that acts as terminal enzyme of mitochondrial respiratory chain

A

Cyt C oxidase

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10
Q

MPO

A

Enzyme found in neutrophil azurophilic granules

catalyzes production of BLEACH from hydrogen peroxide and chlorine

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11
Q

Tx HIGH LDL
Hepatitis
myopathy

A

Statins

HMG CoA reductase

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12
Q 
Tx LOW HDL
Cutaneous vasodilation (Red flushed face)
hyperglycemia (acanthosis nigricins)
Hyperuricemia/ GOUT
Hepatitis
A

Niacin

INHIBITS lipolysis in adipose

REDUCES hepatic VLDL synthesis

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13
Q

Tx HIGH TG
Gallstones
Myopathy (WORSE w/ Statins)

A

Fibrates (gemfibrozil, and ‘brates)

Upregulate LPL> increase TG clearance

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14
Q

Tx high LDL

Gi upset
hypertriglyceridemia
malabsorption

A

cholestyramine, colestipol, coleselvam

prevent intestinal esorption of bile acids, so liver must use choleseterol to make more

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15
Q

MO of Nitrate drugs

A

Mimic actions of NO

transformed to NO at SM membrane> INCREASED cGMP> DECREASEd intracellular Ca and myosin dephosphorylation

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16
Q

Receptor for insulin and ILGF

A

TK

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17
Q

leads to TRANSIENT recurrent pulmonary infiltrates and eventual proximal BRONCHIECTASIS that can complicate asthma

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

*often occurs in STEROID DEPENDENT asthmatics

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18
Q

pulmonary pathogen in pts w/ CF or neutropenia

A

p. aeruginosa

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19
Q

Colchicine

A

inhibits LEUKOCYTE migration and phagocytosis by blocking TUBULIN polymeratization

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20
Q

TX for acute gouty arthritis in ELDERLY pts or those w/ renal failure by INHIBITING phospholipiase A2

A

Glucocorticoids

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21
Q

Zieluton

A

blocks 5 lipoxygenase and inhibits leukotriene formation

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22
Q

Why does urinary pH DECREASE in metabolic acidosis?

A

Bicar is combletely resorbed from teh tubular fluid

to excrete H you need to the two most important renal buffers (NH3 and H2PO4)

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23
Q

CEREBELLAR HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS

CYSTS/CANCER in kidney, liver, pancrease

incrased risk for RCC (can be bilateral)

A

VHL disease

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24
Q

Neurofibromas
optic nerve gliomas
Lisch nodules
cafe au lait spots

A

NF1

AKA Von Recklinghaunsen’s disease

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25
bilateral cranial nerve II SCHWANNOMAS multiple MENINGIOMAS
NF 2
26
cutaneous FACIAL ANGIOMAS and LEPTOMENINGEAL ANGIOMAS usually inolved V1 and V2 distribution of trigemnial nerve TRAM TRACK calcifications on skull
Sturge Weber syndrome think about weber test being on the head....
27
AD syndrome cutaneous ANGIOFIBROMAS HAMARTOMAS CARDIAC RHABDOMYOMAS RENAL ANIGIOMYOLIPOMAS ....seizures are major complication
Tuberous sclerosis
28
AD inhertiance of CONGENITAL TELANGIECTASIAS
osler weber rendu syndrome rupture> epistaxis, GI bleeding, hematuria
29
Increase PT and PTT but DO NOT affect thrombin time
Direct factor XA inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban)
30
Direct thrombin inhibotrs (dabigatran, bivalirudin, dabigatran)
prevent formation of THROMBIN (factor IIa) and lead to prolongation of aPTT, PT and TT
31
binds to ANTITHROMBINa nd causes inactivation of SEVERAL coag factors (THRoMBIN and FACTOR X) Both PTT and TT are prolonged
Unfractionated heparin
32
Brain tumors in a child
Please take me to.... Animal kindgdom Magic kingdom Epcot i'm dying of a brain tumor pilocystic astrocytoma medulloblastoma ependyoma craniopharyngioma
33
Cerebellar tumor in a child
Pilocytic astrocytoma (cystic and solid components) Meduloblastomma (always solid)
34
MC brain tumor in child arise from astrocytes ROSENTHAL FIBERS
pilocytic astrocytomas
35
Second MC brain tumor of childhood solid composed of sheets of SMALL BLUE cells w/ hyperchromatic nuclei malignant w/ poor prog HOME WRIGHT ROSEETESS
Medulooblastoma
36
third MC brain tuor in children Ependymal lining of 4th ventricle obstruct CSF hydrocephalus PERIVASCULAR ROSSETES
EPENDYOMA
37
MC SUPRATENTORIAL TUMOR IN CHILDHOOD causes bitemporal hemianopia
craniopharyngioma
38
multiple ring enhancing lesions w/ mass effect in pt w/ HIV
toxoplasmosis
39
tx for toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine | sulfadizazine
40
cryptococcocal meningitis tx
amphotericin
41
listeria tx
ampicillin
42
CMV tx
gnciclovir
43
second MC cause of ring enhancing lesions w/ mass effect in pt w/ HIV
primary central nervous system lymphoma B cell ORIGION d/t EBV infection
44
Nephrotic syndrome
INCREASED permeability of glomerular capillary wall MASSIVE urine protein loss> decrase in serum albumin > DECREASE In OSMOTIC PRESSURE> EDEMA SHIFT of water into interstitium> RAAS> Na nad Water retention INCREASED liver lipoprotein syntehsis
45
Cyp450 INducers
``` Griseolfulvin Carbamezabine Phenobarbital (BARBS) Phenytoin Barbs) Rifampin St. JoHns Wort ```
46
CYP 450 inhibiotors
``` CImetidine Ritonavir Amiodarone Cipro Ketoconoazole Acute ETOH use Macrolides Isoniazid Grapefruit Juice Omeprazole Sulfonamides ```
47
What leads to a low Vd (3-5L)?
HIGH MW HIGH PPB HIGH charge hydrophilicity
48
Gastrojejunostomy
IDA
49
Diagnostic for B12 def
Increased methylmalonic Acid
50
decreased in thiamine deficiency
RBC transketaolase levels
51
PE...
HYPOXEMIA | Respiratory alkalosis
52
ANG I to ANG II in HF
HF stimulates SNS and the RAAS to maintain effective intravascular volume Ang I is converted to ANG II by ACE enzyme in the lungs
53
thunder clap HA seen in pt w/ ADPKD
Intracrnaial berry aneuryms in circle of WILLIS> subarachnoid hemorrhage
54
virus that can mimic RA but is usually self resolving
Parvo B 19
55
Congenital torticolis
noteted by 204 wks of age child prefers to hold head tilted to one side result of malposition of the head in utero or BIRTH TRAUMA
56
pathognomonic for acute pyelonephritis
WBC casts in tububules
57
MC cardiac abnormality that predisposes you to NVBE
mitral valve prolapse
58
Retroperitoneal hematoma in a stable pt
pancreatic injury
59
Rup[ture of abdominal aorta
massive nad rapid blood loss > hemorrhagic shock
60
Extrapyramidal SE of antipsychotic meds: inner restlessness inability to sit/stand in one positoin
Akathisia
61
involuntary and potentially irreversible movement disorder d/t prolonged antipsychoitc expsure
Tardive dyskonisia
62
relationship betweeen xanthelasma and yellowish eyelid papule
Primary biliary cirrhosis> hypercholesterolemia
63
Differential cyanosis restricted to the LOWER body in a child
PDA
64
Whole body cyanosis in a child
Septal defect | TOF
65
Coaractation of aorat
can limite exercise intolerance but does NOT cause cyanosis in children/adults
66
innervates the stapedius muscle and paralysis of hteis msucle can lead to hyperascusis (icnrased sensitivity to sound)
CN 7

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