Test 67

Question 1

multiple phenotypic manifestations result from a SINGLE gene mutation

Answer 1

PLEIOTROPY

Question 2

more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes exist w/in an organism or cells

Answer 2

Polyploidy

Question 3

alleles that tend to be inherite together b/c they’re lcoated near one another ont eh same strand of DNA

Answer 3

Genetic linkage

Question 4

progressive dysphagia

tumor gradually obstructs esophageal lumen

Answer 4

SCC

sqaumous cells w/ various degrees of atypia
foci of KERATINIZATION

Question 5

moldy grains in China

Answer 5

aflatoxin from aspergillus parasiticus

Question 6

aflatoxin

Answer 6

G:C–> T:A transversion in codon 249 of p53 gene> increased risk for heptaocellular carcinoma

Question 7

winging of the scapula

inability to abduct shoulder past 90 degrees

Answer 7

mastectomy

Question 8

recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

ligation inferior thyroid artery

Answer 8

thyroidectomy

Question 9

anterior dislocation of shoulder joint

Answer 9

axillary

Question 10

location of clavicular fxs

Answer 10

middle third of clavicle d/t strength of ligamentous structures at end of bone

Question 11

tumor located in the superior sulcus

Answer 11

pancoast tumor

Question 12

ipsilateral Horners sndrome
rib destruction
atrophy of hand muscles

Answer 12

pancoast syndrome

Question 13

SVC syndrome

Answer 13

mediastinal mass that compresses SVC> HA, facial plethora, dilated veins of neck and upper torso

Small Cell

Question 14

Foot drop

steppage gait

Answer 14

common peroneal injury

Question 15

superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 15

evert foot

sensory innervation to skin of distal anteriolateral leg and dorsum of foot

Question 16

holosystolic murmur tha tincreasse in intesnsity during inspiration

Answer 16

tricuspid regurge

RIGHT heart

Question 17

keratin

Answer 17

epithelial cell origin

Question 18

carcinomas
mesotheiomas
thymomas
sarcomas
tropholastic tumors
desmoplastic small round cell tumors

Answer 18

stain positive for keratin

Question 19

MCC of viral aplastic crisis in pt w/ sickle cell anemia

Answer 19

infection of erythroid progenitor cells

parvo B19

Question 20

non enveloped ssDNA virus

Answer 20

Parvo B19

Question 21

AA origin of NO

Answer 21

from arginine by NO synthase

Question 22

cGMP

Answer 22

relxation of vascular SM cells

Question 23

oseltamivir

Answer 23

NAI

used in tx and prevention of influenza A and B

Imapirs the release of newly formed VIRIONS from infected host cells

Question 24

lengthen the cardiac AP > QT prolongation on ECG

LOW risk of TDP and other proarrythmias

Answer 24

Amiodarone

Question 25

Adenosine

Answer 25

A1 receptors on cardiac cells and activates K channels> hyperpolarization

Question 26

Digoxin

Answer 26

prolongs AV nodal conduction

Question 27

main determinant of prognosis for bladder carcinomas

Answer 27

tumor penetration

Question 28

impaired CFTR transmembrane protein

Answer 28

Resp:
REDUCED luminal Cl secretion

INCREASED Na and water absorption

Sweat glands
reduced salt absortpion> hypertonic seat w/ high chl content

Question 29

MCC spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage

Answer 29

AV malformations
ruptured cerebral aneurysms
abuse of cociane

associated w/ coarcation of the aorta

Question 30

heparin

Answer 30

binds and activates antithrombin III

Question 31

pneumatosis intestinalis (air in bowel wall) 
assocaited w/ prematurity

Answer 31

necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 32

useful marker in evaluation of cirrhotic patients at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 32

alpha fetoprotien

Question 33

CEA (carcinoembryonic Ag)

Answer 33

CRC)

Question 34

Ca-125

Answer 34

80% of women w/ ovarian cancer

Question 35

HCG

Answer 35

gestational trophoblastic disease

Question 36

increases gastric acid secretion and sitmulates parietal cell proliferation> increased parietal cell mass

Answer 36

Gastrin

seen in ZE syndrome

Question 37

commonly infects B cells

Answer 37

EBV

dx w/ monospot test