Test 39 Flashcards by Sarah Carlson

how do osteocytes exchange nutrients/waste products

gap junctions

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observed at apices of glandular cells

tight junctions

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half desmosomes that extend from basal surfaces of keratinocytes in strat sq epi to basal lamina

hemidesmosome

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penicillinase resistant penicillins

nafcilin
methicillin
oxacillin

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penicillinase resistant penicillins are MC used to tx infections caused by…

penicillinase producitng stratins of staph

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commonly used to tx skin/soft tissue infections (folliculitis, abscesses) for which s. aureus is usual cause

Nafcillin

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displayed by APC

class II MHC

used to present Ag that (dendrites, Mphates, B lymphocytes ) have encoutered in body

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neuroleptic malignant syndrome

rigidity
myoglobinuria
autonomic instability
hyperpyrexia

NO myoclonus/presence of rigidity

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tx for NMS

dantrolene
D2 agonists (bromocriptine

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NMS

Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Enzymes increased
Rigidity of muscles

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felling of restlessness/objective motor restlessness

akathisisa

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chronic, dose related movement disorder that manifests as persistent lip smaking or rhythmic tongue/chwing movements

tardive dyskiniesia

**occurs after long term antipsychotic use

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when does LV free wall rupture usually occur

3-7 days after onset of MI when coagulative necrosis and neutorphil infiltration have weakened the infarcted myocardium

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MCC of inhospitdal death d/t MI

LV failure/cardiogenic shock

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4 days after MI pt presents w/ profound hypotension and shortness of breath
heart sounds are muffled
JVD elevaed

free wall rupture>

cardiac tamponade

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MCC of death in hospitalized pts after MI

ventricular failure (cardiogenic shock)

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most frequent complication of fribrinolytic tehrapy

bleeding

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biceps reflex

C5/C6

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innervates flexor muscles of arm

sensory to lateral forearm

musculocutaneous

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sensation to posterior arm/forearm and dorsum of hand

radial nerve (PCN)

sensation to medial forearm

ulnar nerve

sensation to detloid/lateral arm

axillary

COPD affects FEV1/FVC

decreases

increased lung volumes

restrictive lung disease affects

FEV1/FVC

increases

reduced lung volumes

nitrates: nitroglycerin isosorbide dinitrate isosorbide mononitrate

VENODILATORS cause a DECREASE in cardiac work by DECRASING left ventricular filling volume/preload (muscles don't need as much blood/O2 to pump)

autoimmune response against pancreatic beta cells that leads to progressive loss of beat cell mass

T1D *infiltration of islets by inflammatory cells (insulitis) is more prominent in EARLY phases of disease

MODY

AD-Genetic defect in insulin secretion impaired glucose sensing /insulin secretion

Neonates infected w/ HBV

often get from moms who are positive for HBsAg and HBeAg mildly elevated liver enzymes high risk for chronic infections viral replication occurs rapidly d/t weak immune system in newborns

infant w/ HBsAg HBeAG and mildly elevated liver enzymes

HBV

Na blocking effects intensify as heart rate increases d/t less time between AP for mediation to dissociate from recpetor

IC flecainide propafenone

limits maximal heart rate achieved

B1 blockers

Antiarrythmics that DONT affect QRS

beta blockers digoxin Dofetilide verapimil

Ca channel blocker taht slows SA and AV node conduction | increases coronary blood flow> reduced myocardial O2 demand

verapamil

essential in PKU

tyrosine can no longer be synthesized

enz def in PKU

pneylalanine hydroxylase

``` yperactivity tremor seizures blue eyes fair skin mousy body odor ```

PKU

B1 receptors location

found in cardiac tissue and on renal JG cells but NOT on vascular smooth msucle

B1 blocakde

decrease in cAMP

abdominal pain rectal bleeding BLIND POUCH connected to ilelum w/ fibrous band attaching to umbilicus

meckels

true diverticulum that is often composed of acid secreting gastric mucosa

meckels

neuron responding to irreversible injury

red neuron evident 12-24 hrs after injury

shrinkage of cell body eosinophilia pyknosis (shirking) of nucleus loss of nissle substance

red neuron

loss of axon

Axonal reaction enlargement of cell body eccentric nucleus enlargement of nucleous dispersion of nissl substance

progressive degenerative disease

neuronal atrophy loss of neurons reactive gliosis

compensatory response to volume overload of aortic regurge

incrase in LV preload (LV EDV) and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy

tabes dorsalis and argyll robertson pupils

tertiary neurosyphillis

tabes dorsalis

affects dorsal columns and dorsal roots of spinal cords> loss of position and vibration sesnse

CMV infection in immunocompetent

subclinical infection | possible mononucleosis like syndrome that is monospot negative

what must be equal between the pulmonary circualtion and systemic circulation at ALL times

rate of blood flow must be the same to provide continuous blood flow