Test 50

Question 1

forms from the dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer 1

body, tail and most of head

Question 2

forms from the ventral pancreatic bud

Answer 2

precursor of uncinate process
inferior/posterior portion of head
MAJOR pancreatic duct (of wirsung)

Question 3

failure of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds to fuse

Answer 3

pancreas divisum> pancreatic ductal systems remain separate w/ acessory duct draining majority of pancreas

Question 4

glutamate residues of some proteins newly synthesized in the infants liver fail to be carboxylated.

Answer 4

Vit K

Question 5

causes majority of DS

Answer 5

nondisjunction during meiosis I

Question 6

Septic arthritis tx

Answer 6

immediate Ab tx w/ ceftriaxone

Question 7

site that binds to the Fc receptors on neutrophils/mphages

Answer 7

Fc portion of heavy chain Ig

Question 8

site for attachment to Ag

Answer 8

FAB

Question 9

Afferent limb of light reflex pathway

Answer 9

optic nerve

Question 10

efferent limb of light reflex pathway

Answer 10

PNS fibers of CN3

Question 11

Damage to optic nerve> rxn to light?

Answer 11

light in eye that has damaged nerve will cause NEITHER pupil to react, but light in contralateral eye will cause both pupils to conract

Question 12

Damage to optic nerve> rxn to light?

Answer 12

light in eye that has damaged nerve will cause NEITHER pupil to react, but light in contralateral eye will cause both pupils to conract

Question 13

Pneumonia that rapidly clumps in the cold and uncoagulates in warmth

Answer 13

Mycoplasma

Question 14

cold agglutinins

Answer 14

Abs specific for RBCs that cause agglutination/clumping of RBC at low temps

Question 15

cold agglutinins

Answer 15

Abs specific for RBCs that cause agglutination/clumping of RBC at low temps

Question 16

what else can cause cold agglutinins

Answer 16

EBV

hematologic malignancy

Question 17

Jaw pain that starts in the middle of a meal

Answer 17

temporal arteritis

lumen of arteries narrow and can’t responsd to increased blood requirement during meal

Question 18

used to dx pts w/ temporal arteritis

confirm dx

Answer 18

ESR

temporal artery biopsy

*corticosteroid tx to prevent vision loss

Question 19

after onset of severe ischemia leading to MI, how long does it take for signs of coagulative necrosis to become apparent?

Answer 19

4 hrs after ONSET of MI

Question 20

0-4 hrs after MI

Answer 20

minimal change

Question 21

coagulation necrosis
edema
hemorrhage
wavy fibers
Neutrophils appear

Answer 21

4-12 hrs after MI

Question 22

coagulation necrosis and marginal contraction band necrosis

Answer 22

12-24 hrs

Question 23

coagulation necrosis and neutrophilic infiltrate

Answer 23

1-5 days

Question 24

mphage phagocytosis of dead cells

Answer 24

5-10

Question 25

graunulation tissue and neovascularization

Answer 25

10-14

Question 26

collagen deposition | scar formation

Answer 26

2wks to 2 mos

Question 27

delusional disorder

Answer 27

one or more delusions in abscence of other psychotic sxs lasts > 1 month *function is not significantly impaired apart from direct impact of delusions

Question 28

prominent peristalsis in infant w/ olive sized mass in abdomen

Answer 28

congenital pyloric stenosis d/t hypertorphy of pyloric muscularis

Question 29

Volin=Volout

Answer 29

A1V1=A2V2

Question 30

test to detect hyperreactivity in pts suspected of having asthma

Answer 30

methacholine airway challenge test *FEV1/FVC is often reduced d/t increased expiratory flow resistance

Question 31

superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Answer 31

transverse portion of hte duodenum is entrapped between the SMA and aorta> partial intestinal obstruction

Question 32

cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Answer 32

aortomesenteric angle critically decreases secondary to diminished fat, pronounced lordosis, surgical correction of scoliosis

Question 33

cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Answer 33

aortomesenteric angle critically decreases secondary to diminished fat, pronounced lordosis, surgical correction of scoliosis

Question 34

positive skew

Answer 34

mean > median

Question 35

negative skey

Answer 35

mode greater than mean

Question 36

``` abdominal colic constipation HA lead line peirpheral neuropathy hypochromic anemia basophillic stippling ```

Answer 36

adult lead toxicity

Question 37

batteries alloys ammmunition ``` mining, smelting chemical processing recycling spray painting radiator repair ```

Answer 37

Lead exposure

Question 38

only pathogenic fungus w/ a polysaccharide capsule that appears RED on mucicarmine stain and has a clear unstained szone w/ india ink

Answer 38

cryptococcus neoformas

Question 39

why does acyclovir not work for EBV/CMV

Answer 39

don't produce the same thymidine kinase > decreased drug phosphorylation neccessary for activation

Question 40

first line management of status epilepticus

Answer 40

Benzos

Question 41

administered to prevent recurrence of seizures

Answer 41

phenytoin

Question 42

mechanism of phenytoin

Answer 42

inhibits neuronal high frequency firing by reducing abiliby of Na channels to recover from activation

Question 43

chelating agent used to tx arsenic poisoning

Answer 43

dimercaprol

Question 44

CaNaEDTA

Answer 44

lead and mercury poisoning

Question 45

Amyl nitrite

Answer 45

cyanide poisoning

Question 46

Deferoxamine

Answer 46

iron poisoning

Question 47

DMD mutation

Answer 47

X linked recessive myopathy d/t deletion of dytrophin gene

Question 48

weakness of foot dorsiflexion | mutation of genes responsible for myelin syntehsis

Answer 48

Charcot marie tooth

Question 49

ANP

Answer 49

secreted by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch induced by HTN/hypervolemia> vasodilation adn increased urinary excretion of Na and Water

Question 50

ANP

Answer 50

secreted by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch induced by HTN/hypervolemia> vasodilation adn increased urinary excretion of Na and Water

Question 51

which hepattis integrates into the host genome increasing hte risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 51

Hep B *integrates DNA using RT

Question 52

common compliation of acute pancreatitis

Answer 52

Pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 53

what is a pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 53

collection of fluid rich in enzymes/inflammatory depris w/ walls of granulation tissue and fibrosis NOT lined by epithlieum

Question 54

major determinant of forward to regurgitant flow ratio in pts w/ mitral regurgitation

Answer 54

LV afterload

Question 55

how does decreasing afterload help w/ mitral regurgitation

Answer 55

increase forward flow while reducing regurgitatnt flow