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Test 31 Flashcards

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1
Q

grayish white vaginal discharge with a fish odor

A

bacterial vaginosis

Gardnerella vaginalis

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2
Q

sq epithelial cells covered w bacterial organisms

A

Clue cells

seen on wet mt of vaginal discharge

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3
Q

penetrating injury to the left sternal border in the 4th intercostal space

A

right ventricle

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4
Q

penetrating injury to the 2nd intercostal space

A

pulmonary trunk

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5
Q

makes up most of the heart’s posterior surface

A

left atrium

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6
Q

stab wound in the 4th intercostal space in the midclavicular iline

A

could strike the ventricle but only after passing through lung

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7
Q

when the effect of hte main exposure on hte outcome is modified by the presence of another variable

A

effect modifcation

smoking status modifies the effect of the new estrogen receptor agonist on DVT incidence

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8
Q

DIC, hemorrhagic destruction of the bilateral adrenal gladns (acute adrenal insufficiency) associated w/ sepsis

A

waterhouse friederichsen syndrome

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9
Q

organism most likely responsible for WFS

A

n meningitidis

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10
Q

degrades 6- mercaptopurine

A

xanthine oxidase

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11
Q

what drug can increase hte concentration of 6 mercap

A

allopurinol

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12
Q

both 6 mercapa nd 6 thioguanin are prodrugs that require activation by this enzyme

A

HGPRT

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13
Q

hypoglycemia following fructose ingestion d/t phosphate trapping in fruc 6 phosphate

A

fructose intolerance

casued by aldolase B def

*remove fructose and sucrose from diet

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14
Q

tremors agitation
anxiety
delirium
psychosis

(AUTONOMIC HYPERACTIVITY)

SEIZURES

A

alcohol w/drawal

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15
Q 
tremors 
rebound anxiety
perceptual disturbances
psychosis
insomnia
depression

SEIZURES

A

benzo w/drawal

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16
Q 
N/V
abdominal cramping
muscle aches
DILATED PUPILS
YAWNING
LACRIMATION
HYPERACTIVE BOWEL SOUNDS
A

heroin w/ drawal

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17
Q 
increased appetite, hypersomnia, intesne psychomotor retardation
severe depression (CRASH)
A

cocain

amphetamines

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18
Q

dysphoria
irritablity
anxiety
increased appetite

A

nicotine

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19
Q

lesion that produces contralateral homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing

A

lession of ocipital cortex

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20
Q

sudden painless complete loss of vision in affected eye

A

occlusion of retinal artery

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21
Q

MC cause of viral aseptic meningitis

A

enteroviruses (coxsackie, echoviruses, polioviruses)

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22
Q

affect of AV shunts on preload and afterolad

A

INCREASE preload and decrease afterload by routing blood directly from the arterial system to the venous system and bypassing the arterioles

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23
Q

cleft palate
polydactyllyl
rocker bottom feet

24
Q

macroorchidism
tall stature
large ears
long face

Study These Flashcards
A

fragile X syndrome

25
have increased risk of developing AML-M7 and ALL in childhood, and early Alz in adulthood
trisomy 21
26
recurrent sinopulmonary (sinus media) and GI tract infections anaphylactic response to transfused blood products d/t IR agianst trasfused IgA that pt's body recognizes as foreign
Selective IgA def
27
failure of B cells to switch from IgM to IgA production
selective IgA def ``` Asymptomatic Airway/gi infections Autoimmune disease Atopy Anaphylaxis to IgA ```
28
MC cause of community acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent hosts (HIV pt w/ normal CD 4)
s. pneumoniae
29
normal CD4 count for adult
400-1400 cells/uL
30
CD4<200
increased risk of p. jiroveci
31
``` candida EBV bartonella HHV-8 cryptosporidium HPV ```
<500
32
<200
P. jiroveci toxo HIV JC virus
33
<100
``` aspergillus cryptococcus candida CMV EBV histoplasma myobacterium avium, intracellulare ```
34
location of immune rejection to lung transplant causes dyspnea, nonproductive dry cough, low grade fever
small airway> bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
35
Occurs w/in MINUTES of transplant. Preformed Ab against ABO or HLA are cause. Graft blood vessel spasm and diffuse intravascular coagulation leads to ischemia.
Hyperactue rejection WHITE GRAFT
36
1-2 weeks after transplant recipient rejects HLA of graft Cell mediated response, CD8 T cells cause vascular damage
ACute rejection
37
occurs months to years after transplant and is the major cause of mortality in lung transplantation
chronic rejection
38
Prolonged untreated sleep apnea can cause....
pulmonary HTN and RHF **decrease in O2 leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction and SNS stimulation
39
digital clubbing
associated w/ prlonged hypoxia found in pts w/ large cel cancer, TB, CF, empyema, bronchiectasisa nd chronic lung abscesses
40
koilonychia
IDA spoon shaped nails NO clubbing
41
drugs that can INDUCE MANIA in susceptible pts, especially those w/ unrecognized bipolar
anti-depressants *TCA (-ines) and venlafaxine (SNRI)
42
used to treat acute mania
carbamezepine li valproate
43
what is helpful in establishing a differential for metabolic alkalosis
High vs low urine chloride
44
metabolic acidosis that is saline responsive
vomiting/nasogastric suctioning and thiazide loop diuretic use> volume and Cl depletion
45
saline unresponsive met alkalosis
hyperaldosteronism
46
diffuse musculoskeletal pain insomnia emotional disturbances (women 20-50) tx w/ regular exercise
fibromyalgia *multiple symmetrical tender spots over pt's muscles, joints, tendons
47
symmetric pain morning stiffness MP , PIP joint pain warm, swollen, tender to palpation
rheumatoid arthritis
48
``` bilateral proximal muscle weakeness difficulty climbing stairs/combing hair heliotrope rash on eyelids gottron papules on knuckles elevated CK ```
dermatomyositis
49
low back pain stiffness that resolves w/ exercise decreased anteiror flexion of spine
ankylosing spondylitis
50
pts over 50 morning stiffness of muscles of neck, shoulder, pelvic girdle weightloss, fever, increased ESR
polymyalgia rheumatica *occurs in pts w/ temporal arteritis
51
anastrazole
selective inhibiotr of aromatase *aromatase converts androgens to estrogens
52
inhibits androgen synthesis by inhibiting MULTIPLE enzyme pathways involved in synthesis of androgens
ketoconazole
53
what is the first step of pathogenesis in a pt w/ coronary artery disease?
repetitive endothelial cell injury
54
every pt using inhaled corticosteroids should be instructed to do this to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis
rinse
55
vitamine that maintains orderly differentiation of specialized epihtleia (muscous secreting epithelia, respiratory tracts, ducts)
vit A *w/out can lead to sq metaplasia of epithelia to a keritinizing epitelium
56
what sxs of opoids is most resistant to tolerance development?
opoid induced constipation and miosis (constriction)

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