Test 57

Question 1

what failed in a pt is a cecum in an infant is fixed to the right upper abdominal qunadrant

Answer 1

midgut rotation around the SMA

fixed with fibroius bands (ladds bands) to second part of duodenum

Question 2

hindgut descent along IMA

Answer 2

occurs after midgut returns to abdominal cavity

Question 3

hPL

Answer 3

increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis, lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 4

maternal insulin resistance cause

Answer 4

increased secretion of hPL, placental growth hormone, estrogens, progesteronea nd glucocorticoids

Question 5

major Ab associated w/ mucosal immunity

Answer 5

secretory IgA

Question 6

which polio vaccine genreates a more robust immune response

Answer 6

live attenuated oral vaccine (Sabin) produces a stronger mucosal secretory IgA response thatn the inativated vaccine

increases mucoal IgA offers immune protection at site of viral entry by inhibiting attachment ot intestinal epithelial cells

Question 7

radiolucent ( not seen on plain abdominal films) kidney stones

Answer 7

uric acid stones (visualized instaed on US)

Question 8

kidney stones seen on plain abdominal x ray

Answer 8

radiopaque

Ca oxalate/Ca phosphate

struvite (magnesium)

cysteine

Question 9

colorless octahedron

crossed by diagonal line

Answer 9

ca oxalate

ca phosphate

Question 10

rectangular prism (coffin lid)

Answer 10

struvite)

Question 11

flat, yelllow, hexagonal

Answer 11

cystine

Question 12

flat, yelllow, hexagonal

Answer 12

cystine

Question 13

used to isolate neisseria species

Answer 13

thayer martin selective medium

chocolate agart w/ vanco, colistin, nystatin, TMP

Question 14

provides some cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via small auricular branch;
stimulation leads to vasovagal episode

Answer 14

vagus nerve

Question 15

sensation to rest of external auditory canal

Answer 15

CN V3

Question 16

cardiomegaly
pleural effusion
kerley B lines
increased vascular shadowing bilaterally

Answer 16

left ventricular failure

Question 17

leads to bile precipitation and formation of biliary sludge

Answer 17

GB hypomotility

Question 18

RFs for GB hypomotility

Answer 18

pregnancy
rapid weight loss
prolonged us of TPN/ocreotide

spinal cord injuries

Question 19

brown pigment stones

Answer 19

biliary tract infeciton

Question 20

black pigment stones

Answer 20

intravascular hemolysis

Question 21

chronic diarrhea and mild hemolytic anemia in pt w/ CF

Answer 21

vit E def d/t to fat malabsorption

def leads to increased susceptibility of neuronal and RBC membranes to oxidative stress

Question 22

PAH

Answer 22

filtered and secreted by glomerulusa nd renal tubules and used to estimate RPF

Question 23

process by which PAH is secreted into tubular fluid

Answer 23

carrier-protein mediated process

Question 24

progressive spastic paresis of lower extremeties and choreoathetoid movements
high arginine levels

Answer 24

arginase def

Question 25

arginase

Answer 25

produces urea nd ornithine from arginine

Question 26

tx for arginase def

Answer 26

low protein diet that is devoid of arginine

Question 27

location for excretion and resorption of Li

Answer 27

PCT--> drugs that alter GFR can lead to increased PCT absortpion and Li toxicity

Question 28

drugs that lead to increased LI levels

Answer 28

thiazide diuretics ACE -I NSAIDS

Question 29

Attributable risk percent

Answer 29

excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF =100 x RR-1/RR

Question 30

Attributable risk percent

Answer 30

excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF =100 x RR-1/RR

Question 31

drug that causes QRS prolongation but has little effect on QT interval duration

Answer 31

class I IC= propafenone

Question 32

phase 3 of AP

Answer 32

repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte outward movement of K modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics

Question 33

phase 3 of AP

Answer 33

repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte outward movement of K modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics

Question 34

selective vasodilators of coronary vessels that can cuase coronary steal

Answer 34

adenosine and dipyridamole

Question 35

coronary steal

Answer 35

blood lfow in ishemic areas is reduced d/t arteriolar vasodilation in nonischemic areas> hypoperfusiona nd worsening of existing ischemia

Question 36

reduces morbidity and mortality in class III and IV HF pts

Answer 36

spironolactone

Question 37

absence seizures

Answer 37

ethosuximide

Question 38

first line agents for anti-convulsant therapy

Answer 38

benzos diazepam lorazepam midazolam

Question 39

phenobarbital

Answer 39

tonic clonic seizures

Question 40

drug of choice for complex partial seizures and is effective for tonic clonic can cause agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia

Answer 40

carbameazepine

Question 41

pt presents w/ fever, back pain, inginal massa nd difficulty walking

Answer 41

psoas abscess d/t hematogenous or lympahtic seeding from distant sitte

Question 42

psoas sign

Answer 42

pain that is exacerbated by movements tha cause psoas muscle to be stretched or extended

Question 43

``` pt 20-30 left eye pain accentuated by occular movements dimming of vision in left eye numbness or tingling that resolves worse w/ heat exposure ```

Answer 43

MS

Question 44

mood distrubances dementai choreiform movements progressive sxs

Answer 44

huntingtons

Question 45

focal neurologic sxs that last less htan 24 hrs

Answer 45

TIA

Question 46

causes pruritis when exposed to hot shower b/c of release of histamine from basophils

Answer 46

polycythemia

Question 47

ascending paralysis tha tleads to respiratory failure

Answer 47

GB

Question 48

cough coryza conjunctivitis koplik spots

Answer 48

measles

Question 49

TdT Cd10 Cd19

Answer 49

B-ALL

Question 50

CD1,2, 5 | TdT

Answer 50

T-ALL

Question 51

TdT+ | PAS positive

Answer 51

lymphoblast

Question 52

Auer rods

Answer 52

AML (myeloblasts)

Question 53

origin of renal cell carcinomas

Answer 53

epithelial cells of proximal renal tubules

Question 54

rare renal tumor from collecting duct cells

Answer 54

renal oncocytoma

Question 55

arises from renal pelvis lining, multifocal and forms PAPILLAYR TUMORS

Answer 55

transitional cell carcinoma

Question 56

mental retardation | mousy odor

Answer 56

PKU born to two heterozygous parents RECESSIVW

Question 57

affects small airways> bronchiolitis obliterans, lymphocytic inflammaiton, necrosis, fibrosis of bronchiolar wall

Answer 57

chronic rejection major problem in lung transplant pts