AP World- Chap 25: Africa

Question 1

Zulu Kingdom

Answer 1

• created by Shaka when a drought hit the region where the Nguni people farmed and raised cattle for centuries
• the most powerful and feared fighters in southern Africa
• strict military drill and close combat tactics

Question 2

Expansion of Zulu

Answer 2

• by raiding African neighbors, seizing their cattle, and capturing women and children
• neighboring Africans created their own states to protect themselves from the Zulu

Question 3

Method of Rule (Shaka)

Answer 3

• created a new national identity as well as a new kingdom
• grouped all the young people by age into regiments
• lived together and immersed themselves in Zulu lore and customs (fighting methods)

Question 4

Islamic reform movements in West Africa

Answer 4

• most Muslim found it wise to tolerate older religious practices of their subjects
• however, Muslim scholars began preaching the need to reform Islamic practices
• largest of the new Muslim reform movements occurred in the Hausa states under USUMAN DAN FODIO

Question 5

Sokoto Caliphate

Answer 5

• Muslims unhappy with their social/political positions spread the movement to other Hausa states
• united the conquered Hausa states and neighboring areas under a caliph (sultan) who ruled from Sokoto
• the largest state in West Africa
• new states became centers of Islamic learning&reform

Question 6

Modernization in Egypt

Answer 6

• Napoleon invaded Egypt and it showed European strength and Egyptian weakness
• Ali headed the strongest state in the Islamic world and the first to employ Western methods and technology
• combined technical expertise of the West and Islamic religious and cultural traditions

Question 7

Ismail

Answer 7

• placed more emphasis on westernizing Egypt
• “My country is no longer in Africa, it is in Europe.”
• increased # of European advisers and debts to French and British banks

Question 8

Modernization in Ethiopia

Answer 8

• rulers had been Christian for the 1500 years
• 1840s: purchased modern weapons& created strong army loyal to the ruler
• Emperor Tewodros encouraged the manufacture of weapons locally but commited suicide to avoid capture

Question 9

Yohannes

Answer 9

• Tewodros’s successor

- brought back most of the highland regions under imperial rule

Question 10

Algeria

Answer 10

• supplied Napoleon with grain for his invasion to Egypt but he was unable to repay the debt led to disputes
• French gov’t attacked Algeria and the war dragged on for 18 years
• united behind ‘Abd al-Qadir (Muslim holy man)

Question 11

Abolition of Slavery

Answer 11

• news of slave revolt and their repression spread which led to humanitarians and religious reformers call for an end
• British became the most aggressive abolitionists, sent a naval patrol to enforce ban along African coast
• difficult to stop, did not end until 1867

Question 12

legitimate trade

Answer 12

exports from Africa in the 1800s that did not include the newly outlawed slave trade , most successful of the new exports from West Africa was PALM OIL (very important in Europe)

Question 13

Effects of Abolition

Answer 13

• new exports or revived old ones (palm oil- slaves used canoes, had the chance to become wealthy and gain power)
• spread of Western cultural influences in Africa (education (schools produced a number of distinguished graduates), coverts)

Question 14

recaptives

Answer 14

Africans rescued by British’s Royal Army (in Sierra Leone) from the illegal slave trade of the 1800s and restored to free status

Question 15

Slavery in East Africa

Answer 15

• slavers moved to eastern African when British patrols hampered the slave trade in West Africa
• joined an existing slave trade to the Islamic world that was expanding
• slaves went to North Africa and Middle East

Question 16

Zanzibar

Answer 16

• important center of slaves and ivory

- plantations (owned by Arab and Swahili) where slaves worked on

Question 17

Tippu Tip

Answer 17

• created the largest personal empire

- trader from Zanzibar (ivory?)