Global- Chap 17: European Renaissance and Reformation

Question 0

Merchant Class

Answer 0

• became powerful
• most powerful: Medici Family (from banking in Florence)
• influenced other members of government by giving loans

Question 1

Renaissance

Answer 1

• first began in Italy
• 1300 to 1600 AD
• “rebirth”
• refers to a revival of learning and art

Question 2

Why was Italy a good birthplace of the Renaissance?

Answer 2

• bubonic plague: little opportunities, people began to focus on art and literature
• Italy was a city

Question 3

Inspiration of the Renaissance

Answer 3

• ruins of Rome around them
• western scholars studied Latin text in monasteries
• Christian scholars fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts

Question 4

Humanism

Answer 4

• Focused on the achievements and virtues of human potential and achievements
• classical study

Question 5

Secular

Answer 5

Wordly, not religious

Question 6

Patrons

Answer 6

People who supported the arts by having paintings done or who donated money and artwork

Question 7

Renaissance Man

Answer 7

• an ideal man who should be charming, witty, and well educated
• Castiglione: “The Courtier”- taught how to become this
• women should also be charming and know the classics, but were not expected to seek fame

Question 8

Perspective

Answer 8

Shows three dimensional on a flat surface

Question 9

Donatello

Answer 9

• Created statue of David

- natural pose and personality

Question 10

Da Vinci

Answer 10

painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper

Question 11

Raphael

Answer 11

• perspective and serenity

- school of Athens

Question 12

Petrarch

Answer 12

Father of humanism

Question 13

Isabella d’Este

Answer 13

• First lady of the renaissance
• founded school for young women, big patron of arts
• example for women to break away from traditional roles

Question 14

Florence

Answer 14

Italy’s leading cultural center during Renaissance

Question 15

Anguissola

Answer 15

First woman artist to gain recognition internationally

Question 16

Gentileschi

Answer 16

Drew pics of strong, powerful heroines

Question 17

Vernacular

Answer 17

Native language

Question 18

Boccaccio

Answer 18

Wrote Decameron (series of realistic stories)

Question 19

Machiavelli

Answer 19

• wrote “The Prince”

- described how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong

Question 20

Northern Renaissance

Answer 20

• kings are patrons
• Hundred Years’ War ends and population starts to grow again in Northern Europe
• Flanders becomes artistic center

Question 21

Durer

Answer 21

Spread Renaissance ideas

Question 22

Van Eyck

Answer 22

Spread oil painting

Question 23

Bruegel

Answer 23

Drew realistic paintings of peasants

Question 24

Erasmus

Answer 24

- "Praise of the Folly" | - did not support idea of Reformation

Question 25

Thomas More

Answer 25

- "Utopia" | - book that represented a revolutionary view of society

Question 26

Christine de Pizan

Answer 26

- female author | - fought for equal education

Question 27

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 27

- creates a printing press, movable type | - faster spread of books

Question 28

Martin Luther

Answer 28

- critic of the Roman Catholic Church - posted 95 Theses on the church door, criticizing the pope's behavior ( selling indulgences) - started the Reformation - excommunicated by Pope Leo X and creates own religious group, Lutherans

Question 29

Protestants

Answer 29

- people who supported Luther | - Christians in non- Catholic Churches

Question 30

Charles V

Answer 30

- Roman emperor | - issued The Edict of Worms, declared Luther a heretic

Question 31

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 31

Each prince/ruler decides the religion of his state independently

Question 32

Henry VIII

Answer 32

Breaks away from church because they won't allow him to annul his marriage (creates Church of England)

Question 33

Elizabeth I

Answer 33

- forms Anglican Church, only legal church in England - brings religious peace - returns to Protestantism

Question 34

Huldrych Zwingli

Answer 34

- Catholic priest that brings the reformation in Switzerland - later inspired John Calvin

Question 35

John Calvin

Answer 35

- creates new religion: Calvinism - believed in predestination: people were already chosen from the beginning of time to be salvaged or not - believed government was a theocracy

Question 36

Presbyterianism

Answer 36

- John Knox, impressed by Calvinism - community church was governed by laymen - Scotland - rules were not as strict as Calvinism

Question 37

Anabaptists

Answer 37

- believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion - should be baptized again as adults - pacifists

Question 38

Huguenots

Answer 38

- followers of Calvinism in France - did not get along with Catholics - French Protestants

Question 39

Catholic/ Counter Reformation

Answer 39

Movement where the Catholic Church tried to reform itself

Question 40

Council of Trent

Answer 40

- called on by Paul III - bishops and cardinals met to discuss doctrines - doctrines were carried out by Paul IV - allowed indulgences, but not the selling of - church had final interpretation of bible