AP World- Chapter 2

Question 1

Yellow and Yangzi Rivers

Answer 1

facilitate east-west movement

Question 2

loess

Answer 2

• fine, light silt deposit

- constitutes the fertile soil and gives Yellow River its name

Question 3

Shang Dynasty (1750 - 1045 BCE)

Answer 3

• oracle bones
• Anyang was one of the capitals (had many)
• walled cities due to war
• excelled in bronze working
• sharply divided between nobles and peasants

Question 4

Zhou Period (1045 - 221 BCE)

Answer 4

• founders were Wen (led rebellion against Shang) and his son Wu (first ruler)
• established fuedalism
• constant warfare, some men studied war and wrote handbooks on war (ie Sunzi’s Art of War)
• rulers ordered careful recordings on land, products, etc

Question 5

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 5

• Heaven grants power to a ruler but could also take away that power
• created during Zhou Dynasty

Question 6

Confucius/ Kongzi

Answer 6

• family was the fundamental component of society

- doctrines of duty and public service greatly influenced Chinese thought and served as code of conduct

Question 7

Daoism

Answer 7

• founded by Laozi
• urged withdrawal from formalities, duty, education
• we should trust out intuitions

Question 8

Warring States Period (481 - 221 BCE)

Answer 8

• scale and intensity of rivalry and warfare between states accelerated
• split into multiple states, one of which was the Qin

Question 9

Nubia (3100 BCE - 350 CE)

Answer 9

• during Middle Kingdom, Egypt adopted more aggressive stance toward Nubia, south
• wanted gold mines east

Question 10

Kush

Answer 10

• Egyptian name for Nubia
• where an indigenous kingdom arose in the early second millennium BCE
• capital: Napata

Question 11

New Kingdom (1532 - 1070 BCE)

Answer 11

• Egyptians penetrated more deeply
• destroyed Kush and its capital
• imposed their culture on the population

Question 12

Kingdom of Meroe (800 BCE - 350 CE)

Answer 12

• Kushite royal family moved south to Meroe after defeat by Assyrians
• became active in booming trade between Africa, India, and Arabia
• succession of kings based on agreement of leaders and nobles, women played important role in politics
• decline caused by rise of Aksum (in Ethiopia)

Question 13

Celtic Europe (1000 - 50 BCE)

Answer 13

• France, most of Britain and Ireland, some in Italy
• widly fond of war, courageous, impulsive
• society divided into elite class (priest, bards) and commoners
• pushed west by Roman conquest and German invasions

Question 14

Celts

Answer 14

peoples sharing common linguistic and cultural features that originated in Central Europe in the first half of the first millennium

Question 15

Celtic

Answer 15

branch of the large Indo-European family of languages found throughout Europe and western and southern Asia

Question 16

druids

Answer 16

• Celtic priests

- formed well-organized fraternity that performed religious functions

Question 17

Celtic women

Answer 17

• depicted as strong and proud (by Romans and Greeks)

- lives focused on child rearing, food production, crafts

Question 18

religion in Celtic Europe

Answer 18

• early Celts did not build temples

- worshiped whenever they felt the presence of divinity

Question 19

Olmec (1200 -400 BCE)

Answer 19

• first Mesoamerican civilization
• similar to Mesoamerican Sumer
• best known for giant heads sculpted from basalt
• little known about political strcutre
• elaborate religious rituals
• collapsed from unknown reason

Question 20

Chavin Civilization (900 - 250 BCE)

Answer 20

• formed in the Andes (now Peru)
• first urban civilization in SA
• capital was Chavin de Huantar (located at intersection of trade routes)
• used llamas
• local chiefs and a more powerful chief or king dominated politics

Question 21

decline of Chavin

Answer 21

may have been caused by increased warfare that disrupted trade and undermned the authority of the governing elite