Global- Chap 12: Empires in East China Flashcards
(42 cards)
0
Q
Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD)
A
- started by Tang Taizong
- after the Sui Dynasty
- 300 years
- ended in rebellion, lead to another warring states period
1
Q
Sui Dynasty (581- 618 AD)
A
- after the fall of the Han Dynasty
- first emperor: Wendi (reunited China)
- lasted only two emperors
- completed Grand Canal
- built strong foundation for next dynasty
2
Q
Tang Taizong
A
- expanded empire (reconquered land lost by collapse of Han Dynasty)
- expanded influence over Korea
3
Q
Wu Zhao
A
- first female emperor
- emperor during China’s expansion of influence over Korea
- revived civil examinations
4
Q
Battle of Talas (751 AD)
A
Muslims armies defeated the Chinese
5
Q
Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD)
A
- after the Tang Dynasty
- stable and more prosperous than the Han and Tang
- pushed south by the Jurchen
- relied on sea trade
- ended as Mongols conquered China
6
Q
Hangzhou
A
New capital during Song Dynasty
7
Q
Inventions during Song
A
- movable type, gunpowder, porcelain, mechanical clock, magnetic compass, paper money
- rice imported from Vietnam- more food, two crops instead of one
- trade flourished –> spread of Buddhism
8
Q
Li Bo
A
- wrote about life’s pleasure
- most acclaimed poet in China
- Song Dynasty
9
Q
Tu Fu
A
- wrote about war
10
Q
Gentry
A
- new middle high class people
- merchants, shopkeepers, artisans, officials
11
Q
Art during the Song
A
- emphasized nature
- black ink was popular
12
Q
Women Status during Song Dynasty
A
- feet binding to show wealth
- declined further
13
Q
Pastoralists
A
- nomads from Western Steppes (grasslands) that domesticated animals
- traveled on horseback
- traveled in clans (common ancestor)
- didn’t get along with settled tribes, often raided cities
14
Q
Genghis Khan /Universal Ruler/ Temujin
A
- united Mongol clans
- followed Chinese military (armies of 10,000; brigades of 1,000. companies of 100. squads of 10)
- used tricks to confuse enemies
- used cruelty as a weapon
- used terror to make enemies surrender without a fight
- created largest unified land empire in history
15
Q
Khanates
A
- lands the Mongol empire spilt into after Genghis Khan’s death
- Khanate of the Great Khan: Mongolia and China
- Khanate of Chagatai: Central China
- Ilkhanate: Perisa (became Muslim)
- Khanate of the Golden Horde: Russia (became Muslims) ONLY ONE TO STAY IN POWER
16
Q
Pax Mongolica (1250s - 1300s)
A
- Mongol peace
- imposed stability and laws
- increased trade –> spread of ideas –> Chinese innovations spread
- may have caused bubonic plague
17
Q
Kublai Khan/ Great Khan (1260)
A
- grandson of Genghis Khan
- formed Yuan Dynasty
- united China for the first time in 300 years (one of greatest emperor)
- abandoned Mongol steps for China
- tried to invade Japan twice but failed
- increased foreign trade
- hired foreigners instead of the Chinese
18
Q
Kamikaze
A
Divine wind Japanese thought to have saved them from being conquered by Kublai Kban twice
19
Q
Marco Polo
A
- most famous European visitor to China
- told of China’s great power and wealth
20
Q
Fall of the Yuan
A
- caused by series of defeats, overspending on wars and public works, sense of resentment
- began to fall after Kublai’s death
- many rebellions
- finally overthrown in 1368 AD
21
Q
Shinto
A
- “way of the gods”
- Japanese used to believe in this
- worshipped kami (divine spirits that embodied nature)
- respected nature
22
Q
Yamato Clan
A
- became leading clan in Japan
- claimed to be divine
- established emperor’s power as a figurehead
23
Q
Prince Shotoku
A
- Buddhist regent who ruled for his aunt
- sent missions to China to learn more about the culture
24
Cultural Blending of China in Japan
- Korea brought Buddhism to Japan (mixed with Shinto)
- tried to copy the Tang style of civil service but didn't work out
- copied art, everyday living (tea, gardening) of China
25
Heian Period (794- 1185)
- capital moved from Nara to Heian
- highly refined court society where rules dictated every aspect of upper class life
- increased in production of art and literature
26
Fujiwara Family
- held power during Heian period
- power began to slip in 11th C
- led to creation of private armies (back to feudalism like state)
27
Samurai
- "one who serves"
- practiced Bushido "way of the warrior"
- honor above all
- fought for Japan
28
Minamoto Family
- created shogun system
- style of government lasted until 1868 AD
- shoguns were able to deflect two Mongol attacks in 1274 and 1281
29
Tale of Genji
- written by Lady Murasaki
- tale of an imperial prince
- considered to be the world's first novel
30
Shogun
- supreme general of an emperor's army
| - true ruler of Japan whose powers were equivalent to that of a military dictator
31
Daimyo
Japanese feudal lord who commanded. Private army of samurai
32
Francis Xavier
- led Jesuit missionaries to Asia where they converted natives into Christianity
- upset Tokugawa Ieyasu, who banned Christianity from Japan and decided in isolation
33
Zen
School where they taught enlightenment can come through mediation and instituting rather than faith
34
Khmer Empire
- Southeastern empire of what is now Cambodia
- peak at 1200 AD
- elaborate irrigation and waterways (3/4 harvests per year)
- capital: Angkor
35
Angkor Wat
- temple in Angkor
| - deducted to the Hindu god, Vishnu
36
Dai Viet (939)
- Northern Vietnam was taken by China during Han
| - managed to break away and become an independent kingdom
37
Who founded Korea?
- hero Tan'gun
| - by a royal descendent of the Shang Dynasty
38
Korea
- grew in relative isolation
- peninsula, not a lot of fertile land
- cultural diffusion when Han Dynasty conquered much of it and established a military gov. there
39
Silla
Small tribe in Korea that defeated other tribes and drove out the Chinese
40
Koryu Dynasty
- after the Silla weakened
- modeled government from China's (civil service system)
- faced threat when Mongol invaded (1231)
41
Choson Yi Dynasty
Created by scholars that overthrew the Koryu Dynasty
