Global- Chap 15: Societies and Empires of Africa

Question 0

Stateless societies

Answer 0

• Societies with no centralized system of power
• based on linage (common bloodline/ ancestor)
• lineage had about the same power, no one was too strong

Question 1

Efe

Answer 1

• Ituri forest
• hunter (boys) and gatherers (women)
• patriarchal social society
• leader is a respected male but does not give orders
• families are allowed to leave and join another hunting band during conflicts
• now established laws

Question 2

Patrilineal

Answer 2

• societies were traced via father

- inheritance passed from father to son

Question 3

Matrilineal

Answer 3

• trace ancestors via mother
• inherit wealth from mother side
• men were still in power

Question 4

Age Set System

Answer 4

• system used by African societies
• young people of similar age grow close to each other
• each gender had different stages, marked ceremoniously

Question 5

Maghrib

Answer 5

• part of North America that is now the Mediterranean coast of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria& Morocco
• Muslim

Question 6

Muslim societies

Answer 6

• followed Islamic laws
• religious scholars were seen as government advisers
• had different interpretations of the Islamic laws

Question 7

Islamic Laws

Answer 7

Set of laws that dictate almost every aspect of Muslims’ lives (religious or not)

Question 8

Berbers

Answer 8

• Islamic converts

- divided into two empires that had Maghrib under Muslim control

Question 9

Almoravid Reformers

Answer 9

• came from western part of the Sahara
• led by Abd Allah Ibn Yasin, a scholar they brought back from Mecca
• took over Morocco and founded Marrakech (capital)
• captured Ghana

Question 10

Almohads

Answer 10

• another group of Berbers
• got power from Almoravids
• followed Ibn Tumart, who criticized late Almoravid rulers for straying away from Islamic law
• promoted strict adherence
• united Maghrib under one rule

Question 11

Ghana

Answer 11

• first known kingdom in sub- Saharan West Africa
• relied on gold and salt trade (became very wealthy)
• merchants met in cities in this kingdom and traded under the watchful eyes of a tax collector
• eventually influenced by Islam

Question 12

Gold

Answer 12

Came from a forest between Niger and Senegal Rivers

Question 13

Salt

Answer 13

Came from the Sahara

Question 14

Animism

Answer 14

• Believed spirits in animals, plants, and natural forces

- was fused with Islam

Question 15

Mali

Answer 15

• wealth relied on Mali

- came after Ghana kingdom

Question 16

Sundiata

Answer 16

• first great leader of Mali
• came to power by crushing a cruel and unpopular leader
• became mansa (emperor) and took over Ghana
• led peace and prosperity
• established new capital in Naini

Question 17

Mansa Musa

Answer 17

• followed Sundiata
• skilled military ruler
• built mosques in trade cities (Timbuktu and Gao) after hajj
• brought back Islamic culture and education

Question 18

Timbuktu

Answer 18

attracted Muslim judges, doctors, and religious leaders, scholars

Question 19

Ibn Battuta

Answer 19

• scholar

- traveled to Islamic lands from China to Spain and wrote detailed accounts on it

Question 20

Songhai

Answer 20

• came after the Mali fell
• capital was Gao
• had a lot of wealth and education but no modern weapons (easy to defeat)

Question 21

Sunni Ali

Answer 21

• first great leader of Songhai
• Muslim
• built army with marine and land capabilities
• captured Timbuktu and Dejenne
• expanded Songhai into an empire

Question 22

Askia Muhammad

Answer 22

• follows Sunni Ali’s son
• second great ruler
• set up efficient tax system and chose able officials
• appointed ministers in charge of specific sectors

Question 23

Hausa People

Answer 23

• group of city states
• Kano and Katsina became major trading states
• slavery
• didn’t become an empire due to constant fighting among city states

Question 24

Yoruba people

Answer 24

- lived in forests (now Benin and SW Nigeria) - kings were considered the most important religious and political leaders - traced lineage to first ruler, Ife - largest kingdoms: Ife and Oyo

Question 25

Kingdom of Benin

Answer 25

- based in forest - oba (ruler) named Ewaure led a powerful army to expand influence - art - traded with Portugal

Question 26

Swahili

Answer 26

Blend of Arabic with the language of the Bantu people spoken along East African coast

Question 27

Kilwa

Answer 27

- City that was the center for trade in Eastern Africa | - traded with India and China

Question 28

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 28

- city established by Shona people (SE Africa) - grew into an empire built on gold trade - became the capital of a thriving state - abounded for an unknown reason

Question 29

Mutapa Empire

Answer 29

- founded by a man who left Great Zimbabwe to find a new source of salt - mines gold deposited in nearby rivers and streams - Portuguese tried to conquer it but failed (resorted to interfere with politics-- helped overthrow a ruler)