Science Test #1 Flashcards Preview

From Flashcardlet > Science Test #1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Science Test #1 Deck (59)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q

Growth

A

The process in which living things increase in size and number
Ex. Zygote formation and bone growth

1
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

2
Q

Regulation

A

Coordinated response used to help maintain homeostasis

3
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

4
Q

Respiration

A

The process of releasing stored energy from nutrients

5
Q

ATP

A

Adenasine tiphosphide

6
Q

Synthesis

A

The ability of an organism to combine simple substances into complex substances

7
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Loss of water, building of complex substances from simple substances

8
Q

Nutrition

A

Process in which an organism takes in and breaks down food

9
Q

Autotrophic

A

Produce their own food using carbon dioxide and water

10
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Organisms require outside sources to obtain nutrients

11
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of waste from food

12
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of metabolic waste

Ex. Sweat, urine, carbon dioxide

13
Q

Reproduction

A

The process in which living things produce organisms after their own kind

14
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Two parents required (unique)

15
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

One parent required (organisms are genetically identical to the parent)

16
Q

Transport

A

The process in which nutrients are carried across cell membranes or distributed within and organism
Ex. Human circulatory system

17
Q

Virus

A
  • grow, synthesize and reproduce
  • obligate intercellular parasites
  • must use the resource within another living thing in order to survive
18
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

The belief that living things can be produced from non- living things

19
Q

Francesco Redi

A
  • opposed the idea of spontaneous generation

- in 1668, conducted an experiment that set out to disprove the belief

20
Q

Four steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Observation
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Experiment
  4. Conclusion
21
Q

Observation

A

Noting a specific phenomenon taking place

22
Q

Hypothesis

A

Educated guess

23
Q

Experiment

A

Tests the hypothesis and data is collected. Results will either support or disprove the hypothesis

24
Q

Control

A

Regular standard and is compared to the variable group

Ex. Jar without the covering

25
Q

Variable

A

The group that is exposed to experimental manipulation

26
Q

Independent Variable

A

The changes within the experiment

27
Q

Dependent variable

A

What is measured or observed to see if the hypothesis is supported or not
Ex, # of maggots on the meat

28
Q

Constants

A

Conditions in experiments that must be kept in identical conditions in order to ensure accuracy
Ex. Same jar, temperature, duration

29
Q

Classification

A
  • Aristotle (4th century BC Greek philosopher)
  • divided organisms into two groups- plants and animals
  • divided animals into 3 groups based upon how they moved (walking, flying, swimming)
30
Q

Carlos Linnaeus

A
  • 18th century Swedish scientist
  • born Carl van Linne (Latinized his name)
  • classified plants and animals according to their similarities of form
  • divided each of the kingdoms into smaller groups called “genera” and then into even smaller ones called species
31
Q

Taxonomists

A

Scientists that name new species

32
Q

Dichotomous key

A

A sequence of steps that allow the identification of a living thing

33
Q

System of Naming

A
  • called binomial nomenclature
  • genus: capitalized
  • species: lower case
34
Q

Polymerization

A

Assists in building micromolecules to macromolecules

Occurs via dehydration synthesis

35
Q

Mass number

A

Protons& neutrons

36
Q

Atomic number

A

Protons& electrons

37
Q

Electronegativity

A

Ability of an atom to obtain electrons to fill its shells

38
Q

Electronegativity Trend

A

Increases as you go from left to right and up

39
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Bonds formed between atoms with different electronegativity

40
Q

Catons (+)

A

Loss of an electron

41
Q

Anions (-)

A

Gain of an electron

42
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Formed between atoms of like electronegativities

Atoms share electrons

43
Q

Water

A
  • colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid
  • has three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
  • living organisms contain 60- 90% water
44
Q

Chemistry of water

A
  • oxygen is more electronegativity than hydrogen
  • oxygen will not share its electronegativity equally with hydrogen due to differences in electronegativity
  • a polar bond exists
45
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A
  • exists between one water molecule and its neighboring water molecule
  • each water molecule can form a maximum of 4 bonds with its neighbors
46
Q

Intermolecular Forces

A
  • inner (Latin for between)

- interactive forces between one water molecule and another

47
Q

Intramolecular Forces

A
  • Intra (Latin for within)

- interactive forces within the water molecule

48
Q

Cohesion

A
  • intermolecular attraction between like molecules

- water molecules stick to themselves

49
Q

Adhesion

A
  • the clinging of one substance to another
  • water molecules sticking to a surface
  • counters the downward fall of gravity
50
Q

Surface Tension

A

Property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of water molecules

51
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of best absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature 1 degree Celsius

52
Q

pH

A

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

Stands for potentia hydrogenii (Latin) and translated potential of hydrogen

53
Q

Acid

A
  • any chemical compound that when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH less than 7.0
  • often taste sour
  • leaves a burning sensation
  • blue litmus paper will turn red
  • doesn’t change the color of phenolphthalein (remains colorless)
54
Q

Base (Alkaline)

A
  • a substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions (raise the pH)
  • high concentration of hydroxide ions (-OH)
  • bitter taste
  • slippery and soapy on fingers
  • red litmus will turn blue
  • phenolphthalein will turn pink
55
Q

Neutral solution

A

A neutral solution has a balance of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions

56
Q

Litmus paper

A
  • Allows an observer to assess a sample’s pH
  • test acidity: blue litmus paper
  • test alkalinity: use red litmus paper
57
Q

Phenolphthalein

A
  • a chemical compound used to determine pH
  • colorless: pH is below 8
  • fuchsia: pH is above 10
  • bright orange color: pH is below 0
58
Q

pH meter

A

Handheld device that tests water for its level of acidity versus base or alkalinity

Decks in From Flashcardlet Class (136):