Science Test #1

Question 0

Growth

Answer 0

The process in which living things increase in size and number
Ex. Zygote formation and bone growth

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of life

Question 2

Regulation

Answer 2

Coordinated response used to help maintain homeostasis

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 4

Respiration

Answer 4

The process of releasing stored energy from nutrients

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

Adenasine tiphosphide

Question 6

Synthesis

Answer 6

The ability of an organism to combine simple substances into complex substances

Question 7

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

Loss of water, building of complex substances from simple substances

Question 8

Nutrition

Answer 8

Process in which an organism takes in and breaks down food

Question 9

Autotrophic

Answer 9

Produce their own food using carbon dioxide and water

Question 10

Heterotrophic

Answer 10

Organisms require outside sources to obtain nutrients

Question 11

Egestion

Answer 11

Removal of waste from food

Question 12

Excretion

Answer 12

The removal of metabolic waste

Ex. Sweat, urine, carbon dioxide

Question 13

Reproduction

Answer 13

The process in which living things produce organisms after their own kind

Question 14

Sexual reproduction

Answer 14

Two parents required (unique)

Question 15

Asexual reproduction

Answer 15

One parent required (organisms are genetically identical to the parent)

Question 16

Transport

Answer 16

The process in which nutrients are carried across cell membranes or distributed within and organism
Ex. Human circulatory system

Question 17

Virus

Answer 17

• grow, synthesize and reproduce
• obligate intercellular parasites
• must use the resource within another living thing in order to survive

Question 18

Spontaneous generation

Answer 18

The belief that living things can be produced from non- living things

Question 19

Francesco Redi

Answer 19

• opposed the idea of spontaneous generation

- in 1668, conducted an experiment that set out to disprove the belief

Question 20

Four steps of the scientific method

Answer 20

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Conclusion

Question 21

Observation

Answer 21

Noting a specific phenomenon taking place

Question 22

Hypothesis

Answer 22

Educated guess

Question 23

Experiment

Answer 23

Tests the hypothesis and data is collected. Results will either support or disprove the hypothesis

Question 24

Control

Answer 24

Regular standard and is compared to the variable group | Ex. Jar without the covering

Question 25

Variable

Answer 25

The group that is exposed to experimental manipulation

Question 26

Independent Variable

Answer 26

The changes within the experiment

Question 27

Dependent variable

Answer 27

What is measured or observed to see if the hypothesis is supported or not Ex, # of maggots on the meat

Question 28

Constants

Answer 28

Conditions in experiments that must be kept in identical conditions in order to ensure accuracy Ex. Same jar, temperature, duration

Question 29

Classification

Answer 29

- Aristotle (4th century BC Greek philosopher) - divided organisms into two groups- plants and animals - divided animals into 3 groups based upon how they moved (walking, flying, swimming)

Question 30

Carlos Linnaeus

Answer 30

- 18th century Swedish scientist - born Carl van Linne (Latinized his name) - classified plants and animals according to their similarities of form - divided each of the kingdoms into smaller groups called "genera" and then into even smaller ones called species

Question 31

Taxonomists

Answer 31

Scientists that name new species

Question 32

Dichotomous key

Answer 32

A sequence of steps that allow the identification of a living thing

Question 33

System of Naming

Answer 33

- called binomial nomenclature - genus: capitalized - species: lower case

Question 34

Polymerization

Answer 34

Assists in building micromolecules to macromolecules | Occurs via dehydration synthesis

Question 35

Mass number

Answer 35

Protons& neutrons

Question 36

Atomic number

Answer 36

Protons& electrons

Question 37

Electronegativity

Answer 37

Ability of an atom to obtain electrons to fill its shells

Question 38

Electronegativity Trend

Answer 38

Increases as you go from left to right and up

Question 39

Ionic Bonds

Answer 39

Bonds formed between atoms with different electronegativity

Question 40

Catons (+)

Answer 40

Loss of an electron

Question 41

Anions (-)

Answer 41

Gain of an electron

Question 42

Covalent Bonds

Answer 42

Formed between atoms of like electronegativities | Atoms share electrons

Question 43

Water

Answer 43

- colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid - has three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas - living organisms contain 60- 90% water

Question 44

Chemistry of water

Answer 44

- oxygen is more electronegativity than hydrogen - oxygen will not share its electronegativity equally with hydrogen due to differences in electronegativity - a polar bond exists

Question 45

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 45

- exists between one water molecule and its neighboring water molecule - each water molecule can form a maximum of 4 bonds with its neighbors

Question 46

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 46

- inner (Latin for between) | - interactive forces between one water molecule and another

Question 47

Intramolecular Forces

Answer 47

- Intra (Latin for within) | - interactive forces within the water molecule

Question 48

Cohesion

Answer 48

- intermolecular attraction between like molecules | - water molecules stick to themselves

Question 49

Adhesion

Answer 49

- the clinging of one substance to another - water molecules sticking to a surface - counters the downward fall of gravity

Question 50

Surface Tension

Answer 50

Property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of water molecules

Question 51

Specific heat

Answer 51

The amount of best absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature 1 degree Celsius

Question 52

pH

Answer 52

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance | Stands for potentia hydrogenii (Latin) and translated potential of hydrogen

Question 53

Acid

Answer 53

- any chemical compound that when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH less than 7.0 - often taste sour - leaves a burning sensation - blue litmus paper will turn red - doesn't change the color of phenolphthalein (remains colorless)

Question 54

Base (Alkaline)

Answer 54

- a substance that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions (raise the pH) - high concentration of hydroxide ions (-OH) - bitter taste - slippery and soapy on fingers - red litmus will turn blue - phenolphthalein will turn pink

Question 55

Neutral solution

Answer 55

A neutral solution has a balance of hydrogen ions and hydronium ions

Question 56

Litmus paper

Answer 56

- Allows an observer to assess a sample's pH - test acidity: blue litmus paper - test alkalinity: use red litmus paper

Question 57

Phenolphthalein

Answer 57

- a chemical compound used to determine pH - colorless: pH is below 8 - fuchsia: pH is above 10 - bright orange color: pH is below 0

Question 58

pH meter

Answer 58

Handheld device that tests water for its level of acidity versus base or alkalinity