Chemistry- Chemical Formulas and Reactions Flashcards
(43 cards)
1
Q
chemical formula
A
- type of notation made with numbers and chemical symbols
- indicates the composition of a compound
- indicates the # of atoms in 1 molecule of a compound
- used to represent compounds and elements
2
Q
binary compounds
A
- composed of 2 elements
- ionic and covalent compounds included
3
Q
binary ionic compounds
A
- metal and nonmetal
- represented by formula unit and is always in lowest terms
- monoatomic anions names always end with -ide
4
Q
binary covalent compounds
A
- nonmetal and nonmetal
- formula will not be in lowest terms
5
Q
naming binary ionic compounds
A
- cation is always named first and anion second
- the cation keeps it name but the anion is named taking the root of the element and adding -ide
6
Q
writing formula for binary ionic compounds
A
- write symbols for the 2 elements, with metal first
- determine the charges for each element and criss cross them
- simplify if necessary
7
Q
stock naming system
A
- states the name/symbol of the element followed by a roman numeral that expresses the charge of the ion
- transition metals require roman numerals
8
Q
traditional naming system
A
- “ous” is used for the name of the cation with the lower of the two ioic charges
- “ic” is used for the name of the higher
- need to know the Latin names of the elements
9
Q
polyatomic ions
A
- an ion containing multiple atoms
- never change the name of a polyatomic ion
10
Q
naming binary covalent compounds
A
- first element in formula is named fist, with normal name
- second element is named as if it’s an anion (-ide)
- prefixes are added to denote the # of atoms present
- drop the o or a of prefix of element starts with vowel
11
Q
prefixes for 1
A
- mon(o)
- never used for the first element
12
Q
prefixes for 2
A
di
13
Q
prefixes for 3
A
tri
14
Q
prefixes for 4
A
tetr(a)
15
Q
prefixes for 5
A
pent(a)
16
Q
prefixes for 6
A
hex(a)
17
Q
prefixes for 7
A
hept(a)
18
Q
prefixes for 8
A
oct(a)
19
Q
prefixes for 9
A
non(a)
20
Q
prefixes for 10
A
dec(a)
21
Q
Compounds without a systematic name (covalent)
A
- H2O –> water
- NH3 –> ammonia
- CH4 –> methane
22
Q
acids
A
- can be recognized by the hydrogen that appears first in the formula
- molecule with one or more H+ ion
- name of the acid depends on the identity of the atom present
23
Q
anions ending with -ide
A
- Hydro + root word + “ic” + acid
- ex. HBr Hydrobromic acid
HCl- hydrochloric acid
24
Q
anions ending with -ite
A
- root word + “ous” + acid
- “You’ll be AIGHT with US”
- ex. H2SO3 - sulfurous acid
HNO2 - nitrous acid
25
anions ending with -ate
- root word + "ic" + acid
- " I ATE something ICKY at the cafeteria"
- ex. HClO - hypochlorous acid
H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
26
signs of chemical reaction
- evolution of heat or light
- production of a precipitate
- production of gas
- color change
27
reactants
materials that enter a reaction (left side)
28
products
materials that exit a reaction (right side)
29
(aq)
- aqueous
- dissolved in water to form a solution
- if both formulas are aqueous, then there's no reaction
30
coefficient
a small whole # that appears in front of a formula
31
word equation
products and symbols are in words
32
Law of Conservation of Matter
mass, energy, and charge is conserved in all chemical reactions
33
skeleton equation
unbalanced reaction
34
Steps to Balance a Chemical Reaction
- write skeleton equation and count atoms on each side
- change coefficients to make the # of atoms equal
- DO NOT CHANGE THE FORMULA
- write coefficients i lowest possible ratio
35
combustion
- fast reaction involving O2 and usually a hydrocarbon
- releases substantial energy
- CxHy + O2 ---> yH2O + xCO2
36
Synthesis
- A+B --> AB
- two reactants react to form a single product
- reactants do not need to be elements
37
Decomposition
- AB --> A+B
- one substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances
- products do not need to be elements
38
Single Replacement
- AB + C --> CB + A
- one element replaces another to form a new compounds, must replace a similar kind of element
- more reactive (non)metal replaces the lower
39
Double Replacement
- AB + CD --> AD + CB
- metals switch places to form two new compounds
- must write if (aq) or (s) check table F
40
precipitate
- solid that forms when ionic compounds dissolve in water and the resulting solution contains the separated ion
- a double replacement reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solutions
41
when a soluble ionic compounds is dissolved in water
- it dissociates (breaks apart) into ions
- the subscript of the anion becomes the charge of the cation and vice versa
- in DRR dissociate the reactants and combine cations with anions to form products
42
soluble
able to dissolve in water
43
slightly soluble
dissolves in water to a small extent
