AP World- Chap 25: India Under British Rule Flashcards
(14 cards)
nawab
- Muslim princes who were deputies of the Mughal emperor
- ruled their own powerful states
company men
used hard-bargaining and sometimes fighting to persuade Indian rulers to allow them to establish trading posts at strategic points along the coast
sepoys
Indian troops trained by company men to protect their fortifies warehouses from attack
British raj
the rule over much of South Asia by the East India Company and then by a British government
Goals of British raj
- remake India on a British model through administrative and social reform, economic development, new tech
- create a powerful and efficient system of gov’t backed by military power
- substitute private property for India’s complex and overlapping patterns of landholding
Effects of Rule of EIC
- traditions- real and newly invented (parades)
- new jobs and expanded crop production (opium, tea)
- did not help ordinary people (women, untouchables), few benefits and oppression from taxes and traditions
- competition in cotton: NOW SHIP RAW COTTON
EIC taking control
used sepoys as their army and to secure control of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay
Sepoy Rebellion/ Mutiny/ Revolution of 1857
- soldiers from Bengal did not want the recruitment of other ethnic groups
- Hindus didn’t like law that required new recruits to be available for service oversea (no ocean travel religion)
- Enfield rife- ammunition greased with animal fat (Hindu- cow sacred; Muslims- pigs unclean)
After the Sepoy Rebellion
- new centralized gov’t, rapid economic growth, develop new national consciousness
- secretary of state for India was in London and oversaw Indian policy
- equal protection of law and practice freely IF they were loyal to the queen
durbars
an elaborate display of political power and wealth in British India, great pageants (put on when Queen Victoria was proclaimed “Empress of India”
Indian Civil Service
- powerful and efficient bureaucracy that controlled India, held senior administrative and judicial posts
- technically anyone could get in with an open examination, but excluded Indians (test is in England)
Expansion of Trade and New Technology
- spent money on harbors, cities, irrigation, canals, etc.
- destroyed forests for tea plantation, farmers grew cotton and jute for export
- railroads
Rammohun Roy
- his Divine Society (Brahmo Samaj) attracted Indians who sought to join the values of the West & religious traditions of India
- tried to stop many abuses of women
- but many Indian intellectuals turned to Western secular values and nationalism as the way to reclaim India
Indian National Congress
- sought a larger role for Indians in Civil Service
- reduction in military expenditures to help the poor
- promoted unity among many religions and social groups but most members were upper-caste Western educated Hindus and Parsis
