AP World- Chapter 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
Mesopotamia in 1500 BCE
A
- divided into two political zones
- Babylonia in the south and Assyria in the north
2
Q
Hittites
A
- people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age
- vied with New Kingdom for Syria-Palestine
- first developed technique for using iron
3
Q
New Kingdom Egypt (1532 - 1070 BCE)
A
- inaugurated by Kamose and Ahmose who expelled the Hyksos from Egypt (took over in 1640 BCE)
- aggressive and expansionist state
- long distance trade based on metal, horses, and camal
4
Q
Hatshepsut
A
- Queen of Egypt
- dispatched a naval expedition to Punt, focused on trade
- evidence of opposition to a woman as a ruler
5
Q
Ahkhenaten
A
- Egyptian pharaoh
- built new capital at Amarna
- fostered new style of naturalistic art
- closed temples of other gods except Aten (invented monotheism)
- reforms were strongly resented
6
Q
Ramesses II
A
- reached a treaty with the Hittites of Anatolia
- famous for his monumental building projects
7
Q
Minoan Crete (2000 BCE)
A
- prosperous civilization in the Aegean island of Crete
- engaged in far-flung commerce around Mediterranean
- writing has not been deciphered
- capital city was Knossos
- pottery and frescos
8
Q
Mycenaen Greece
A
- first advanced civilization in Greece
- named after Mycenae
- decline led to “Dark Age” where there were no written records with Dorian invasions
9
Q
Mycenae
A
- site of a fortified palace complex that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingddom
- contained shaft graves (burial sites of elite members)
10
Q
Linear B
A
- set of syllabic symbols used in the Mycenaean palaces of the Late Bronze Age
- derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete
- used primarily for palace records
11
Q
Assyrian Empire (911 - 612 BCE)
A
- capital at Nineveh
- relentless gov’t propaganda secured popular support for military campaigns
- superior military organization and technology (iron)
- used terror tactics, such as mass deportation (Persian)
- scholars preserved and built on Mesopotamian predecessors
12
Q
Neo-Assyrian Empire
A
- empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine
- conquered by the Arryrians
- used force and terror
13
Q
Assyrian kings
A
- the center, chosen by gods as their representative
- selected one of his sons to succeed him, confirmed by oracles and elite (made no decisions w/o consulting)
14
Q
Library of Ashurbanipal
A
large collection of writings drawn from the ancient traditions of Mesopotamia
15
Q
Chaldean / Neo-Babylonian and Medes
A
- defeated the Assyrians and made Babylon their capital
- king Nebuchadnezzar restored Babylon
- Medes helped defeat and took over the Assyrian homeland and northern plain
16
Q
Israel (2000 - 500 BCE)
A
- land between the eastern shore of Mediterranean and Jordan River
- crossroads- link Anatolia, Egypt, Arabia, and Mesopot.
17
Q
early Israelite
A
- nomadic pastoralists but eventually settled down as farmers and herders in Canaan
- loosely organized tribes united under monarchy
18
Q
David
A
- oversaw Israel’s transition from tribal confederacy to unified monarchy
- strengthened royal authority by making Jerusalem the capital and making it religious by bring the Ark to Jerusalem
19
Q
First Temple
A
- monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon to be religious center for Yahweh
- conducted sacrifices
- received a tithe and became economically and politically powerful
20
Q
Israel and Judah
A
after Solomon’s death, monarchy split into two kingdoms- Israel (north) and Judah (south)
21
Q
diaspora of the Jews
A
- 721 BCE: Assyrians destroyed Israel and deported much of its population to the east
- prospered well and refused the offer of the Persian monarch Cyrus to return home
22
Q
Phoenicians (1200 - 500 BCE)
A
- Semitic speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria
- founded Carthage and invented the alphabet
- explored Mediterranean, engage in widespread commerce
- Byblos (center for cedar timber and papyrus)
23
Q
Tyre
A
- rise to prominence was due to King Hiram (969 BCE) who formed an alliance w/ King Solomon
- provided men and wood for Temple of Jerusalem
- had two harbors, large marketplace, magnificent palace
- fell to Assyrian army in 701 BCE
24
Q
Carthage
A
- city located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians (800 BCE)
- became a major commercial center and naval power
- defeated by Rome in third century BCE
25
warfare in Carthage
- relied on mercenaries
- citizens were not required to serve in army
- separated military command from civilian gov;t
- generals were chosen by the Senate and kept in office for as long as they were needed
