AP World- Chapter 7 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Silk Road
- caravan routes connecting China and Middle East across Central Asia and Iran
- couldn’t have functioned without pastoral nomads to provide animals, animal handlers, and protection
Parthians (250 BCE - 226 CE)
- Iranian ruling dynasty
- helped foster the Silk Road by being located on the threshold of Central Asia and sharing customs with nomads of the east
General Zhang Jian (128 BCE)
- traveled across Inner Asia on behalf of Emperor Wu
- known as the originator of overland trade w/ west land
- brought two plants to China: alfalfa and wine grapes
Sassanid Empire (224 - 640 CE)
- Iranian empire established when it defeated Parthians
- established Zoroastrianism as state religion
- overthrown by Islamic Arab armies
- persecuted Christians (Byzantine)
Arab pastoralists
- inhabited desert between Syria and Mesopotamia
- provided camels and guides for the extension of Silk Road from Euphrates to Mediterranean coast
Sassanid and Byzantine
successfully maintained central control of imperial finances and military power and found effective ways of integrating frontier people as mercenaries/ caravaneers
Manichaeism
- founded by Mani in Mesopotamia
- preached a dualist faith- struggle between good and evil
stirrup
- device for securing a horseman’s feet
- invented in Central Asia, spread to East and West
- one of the technologies spread by Silk Road
Indian Ocean Maritime System
- network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia
- no network of colonies with home times
three regions of Indian Ocean Trade
- in South China Sea, Chinese and Malays dominated
- Indian east coast to Southeast Asia, Indians & Malays
- Indian western coast to Persian Gulf and east Africa, Persians and Arabs
Indian Ocean vessels
relied on triangular sails and normally without oars
impact of Indian Ocean Maritime System
- variety of highly valued products: exotic animals (Africa), spices and manufactured goods (India), spices and pottery (Southeast Asia)
- culture of ports were often isolated
- women were mediators between cultures
trans-Saharan caravan routes
trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara
sub-Saharan Africa
portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara, isolated from the Mediterranean world
items traded
- southern trades concentrated on supplying salt
- trades from the equatorial forest zone brought forest products such as edible palm oil
great traditions
literate, well institutionalized complex of religious and social beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area
small traditions
- localized, illiterate set of customs and beliefs adhered to by a single society
- Africa was home to a cultural unity of similar small traditions
Bantu
- collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan languages and of the peoples speaking these languages
- migrations may have created unity and been responsible for the spread of iron smelting
spread of Buddhism
- king Asoka and Kanishka (Kushan Empire) promoted Buddhism
- lands in which Buddhism took hold adapted its teachings in different ways
Armenia
- one of the earliest Christian kingdoms
- situated in eastern Anatolia and western Caucasus
- invention Armenian alphabet
spread of Christianity
emperors in Constantinople set missionaries along the Red Sea trade route to seek converts in Yemen and Ethiopia
