Global- Chap 18: The Muslim World Expands Flashcards
(18 cards)
0
Q
Osman
A
- most successful ghazi
- followers called Ottomans
- expanded empire using gunpowder and cannons
1
Q
Ghazis
A
- warriors for Islam
- what Anatolian Turks saw themselves as
- raided territories of infidels ( people who didn’t believe in Islam)
2
Q
Orkhan I
A
- second Ottoman leader
- declared title of sultan (overlord)
- captured Adrianople, important city of Byzantine empire
- tolerated religions and ruled through local officials
3
Q
Timur the Lame
A
- halted expansion of Ottoman Empire
- burned down Baghdad
- crushed Ottoman forces at Battle of Ankara
4
Q
Mehmed II / Mehmed the Conqueror
A
conquered Constantinople
5
Q
Selim the Grim
A
- grandson of Mehmed
- eventually took over Cairo
- took over Mecca and Medina
- beat Safavids in battle
6
Q
Suleyman the Lawgiver/ Magnificent
A
- brought empire to its peak
- advanced into Hungary/ Austria, almost Vienna
- created code of laws
- simplified taxes, reduced gov. bureaucracy
- high religious tolerance (millets: small groups of people practicing same religion)
7
Q
Devshirme
A
- boys were drafted from conquered areas
- converted to Islam
- trained by Janissary soldiers (elite group of soldiers)
8
Q
Safavids
A
- Shi’ite Muslim dynasty
- ruled in Persia
- mixed culture of Ottomans, Arabs, and Persians
- squeezed between Ottoman and Mughal –> strong army
9
Q
Isma’il
A
- boy that took over present day Iran
- crowned himself shah (king)
- religious tyrant (established Shi’ism as only religion)
- put Shi’a (supporters of Ali) to death
10
Q
Shah Abbas/ Abbas the Great
A
- created Safavid golden age
- limited power of military, created two armies loyal to him (similar to Ottoman Janissaries)
- very tolerant of religion
- severely punished corruption
- new capital: Esfahan (workers all over the world worked on it)
11
Q
Mughals/ Mongols
A
dominant empire in India (1500-1600 AD)
12
Q
Babur
A
- founder of Mughal dynasty in India
- skilled general, won a lot of land
- son Humayun loses most of territory
13
Q
Akbar/ Greatest One
A
- son of Humayun
- used heavy artillery (cannons)
- religious freedom
- appointed Rajputs as officials –> enemies into allies
- abolished tax on Hindu pilgrims and non- Muslims
- tax that was affordable and fair –> more people paid it
14
Q
Urdu
A
Mix of Arabic, Persian, Hindi
15
Q
Jahangir
A
- ruled after Akbar
- wife: Nur Jahan
- her son turned to Sikhs, nonviolent group which sheltered him –> Mughals tortured leader and developed hatred for them
16
Q
Shah Jahan
A
- after Jahangir
- builds Taj Mahal for his dead wife
- increased tax for construction –> famine
17
Q
Aurangzeb
A
- son of Shah Jahan, imprisons him
- expanded empire to its greatest size
- rigidly enforced Islamic laws
- tried to erase all gains Hindus made under Akbar
