Bio Finals- Immune System Flashcards
(19 cards)
Non- specific External Barriers
- prevents disease causing microbes from entering the body
- first line of defense
- hair, skin, mucus
Koch’s Postulate
- Pathogen must be regularly associated with the disease.
- Organism must be isolated and grown in culture.
- Out disease in a healthy person.
- Reisolate the organism.
Non- specific Internal Barriers
- second line of defense
- repel, kill, neutralize threats
- inflammatory response, phagocytes, interferon
Inflammatory Response
- limits the spread of pathogens to neighboring tissues
- histamine is released and dead cells and bacteria are engulfed
- increase in redness and temperature
- capillaries become permeable
Phagocytes
- engulf and destroy pathogens that enter the body
Macrophages
- big eaters
- engulf and destroy a large number of invading microbes
Neutrophils
Eat dead and dying cells, usually found in the BLOOD STREAM
Interferon
- antimicrobial protein that inhibits neighboring cells from viral invasion
- white cells release ENDOGENOUS PYROGENS causing fever
Antibodies
- immunoglobins
- recognizes an antigen
- y shaped molecules composed of peptide chains
Antigens
- the pathogens (bacteria)
- generate an antibody response
Red blood cells
- most dense
- transports oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Protects body from disease causing organisms by producing antibodies
- has a nucleus
Platelets
Involved in blood clotting
- least dense
B- cells
- come from bone marrow
- produce antigens
- plasma& memory cells
T- cells
- come from thymus
- regulate immune system/ kill a certain type of cell
- Cytotoxic, helper T, memory cells
Helper T cells (CD4)
Helps fight disease by stimulating B- cells to produce antigens
Cytotoxic (CD8)
Assists in destroying body cells
Colonial election
Creation of plasma/ memory cells via mitotic cell division (asexual)
Edward Jenner
Father of vaccination
