Global- Chap 13: European Middle Ages

Question 0

Franks

Answer 0

• group of Germanic peoples who lived and ruled in Gual
• Clovis: leader, brought Christianity after a battle in which he won from praying (was baptized with soldiers after)
• alliance with Roman Catholic Church

Question 1

Middle Ages (500 to 1500)

Answer 1

• “Medieval”

- period between the fall of Roman Empire and beginning of European Renaissance in 1400s

Question 2

Monasteries

Answer 2

Religious community where Christians (monks) gave up their possessions and devoted their lives to serving God

Question 3

Benedict

Answer 3

• Italian saint and monk
• created a set of rules for monks to follow
• sister was Scholastica (nun)

Question 4

Venerable Bede

Answer 4

Wrote a history of England

Question 5

Gregory 1

Answer 5

• papal power expanded under him
• uses church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, and help poor
• peace treaties with Lombards

Question 6

Secular

Answer 6

papacy was involved in worldly affairs and had power in politics

Question 7

Charles Martel/ Charles the Hammer

Answer 7

• catholic monarch of Franks
• responsible for defeating Muslims in Battle of Tours (732)
• ended Muslim threat to Western Europe

Question 8

Carolingian Dynasty (751-987)

Answer 8

first king was Pepin the Short, son of Charles Martel

Question 9

Charlemagne/ Charles the Great

Answer 9

• Pepin’s Son
• fought Muslims and other Germanic kingdoms
• conquests in South and East
• unites Europe
• saves Pope Leo III and is crowned the Roman Emperor
• limits power of nobles (royal agents to enforce justice) and encouraged learning
• built empire greater than any since Rome

Question 10

Louis the Pious

Answer 10

• emperor after Charlemagne
• did not help the empire
• 3 sons fought over empire and Treat of Verdum splits empire into 3
• leads to feudalism, breaks down central authority

Question 11

Feudalism

Answer 11

• Originated in China (Zhou Dynasty), Japan, Europe

- political/ economic system based on land ownership

Question 12

Vikings (North)

Answer 12

• Scandinavian invaders who worshipped warlike god
• considered barbaric
• mostly warriors, but were also traders, farmers, and exporters
• warships and quick and efficient raids
• began to accept Christianity –> less raiding

Question 13

Magyars and Muslims

Answer 13

• from the East and South
• nomadic people
• attacked monasteries and villages, captives became slaves
• attacked Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts

Question 14

Longboat

Answer 14

Allowed Vikings to raid cities that were inland

Question 15

Vassal

Answer 15

Person granted land from a lord in return for services and loyalty

Question 16

Fief

Answer 16

Land granted by a lord to a vassal

Question 17

Serf

Answer 17

• peasants on a manor
• bound to the land
• were not slaves that could be bought and sold but not free either

Question 18

Knights

Answer 18

• soldiers on horseback
• lesser nobles who promised service to a noble in exchange for a died
• leather saddles and stirrups
• had to be loyal, brave, courageous, and gentle to women

Question 19

Manor

Answer 19

• lord’s estate, ruled by him
• self- sufficient
• contained farms

Question 20

Tithe

Answer 20

Church tax peasants had to pay

Question 21

Chivalry

Answer 21

• code that knights adopted
• they were to fight bravely and defend
• fought for earthly feudal lord, heavenly lord, and chosen lady

Question 22

Tournaments

Answer 22

Mock battles knights participated in

Question 23

Trombadours

Answer 23

• traveling poet- musicians at castles and courts

- sung about love’s disappointment and love sickness

Question 24

High Middle Ages

Answer 24

- church had key role in shaping the world | - constant struggle between church and state

Question 25

Clergy

Answer 25

Religious officials (priests) given authority to conduct religious services

Question 26

Sacraments

Answer 26

Ceremonies for path to salvation

Question 27

Canon/ Church Law

Answer 27

Rules that everyone, including the King, had to follow

Question 28

Excommunication

Answer 28

- banish people from Church | - used to bring emperors under Pope's control

Question 29

Interdicts

Answer 29

Prevented church exercises from occurring within a lord's land

Question 30

Otto I

Answer 30

- of medieval Germany - alliance with Church to limit power of nobles - invades Italy - created a German- Italian empire later known as the Holy Roman Empire (strongest state in Europe until 1100)

Question 31

Lay investiture

Answer 31

- kings/ nobles appoint church officials - kings used this to control bishops - banned by Pope Gregory VII (1075 AD)

Question 32

Concordat of Worms

Answer 32

Compromise where the Church appoints bishops but emperors could veto the decision

Question 33

Pope Gregory VII vs Henry IV

Answer 33

- Henry IV demands Gregory to step down - pope excommunicates him and he begs for forgiveness - Henry begs in the snow at Canossa

Question 34

Frederick I

Answer 34

- first ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire - chosen by seven princes to keep peace - tried to invade rich cities of Italy, which angered Pope - was defeated by the Lombard League (pope + merchants)