Global- Chap 20: The Atlantic World

Question 0

Pedro Cabral

Answer 0

• reaches Brazil and claims it for Portugal

- land is useful for farming (SUGAR)

Question 1

Christopher Columbus

Answer 1

• Italian Navigator
• worked for Spain
• landed on the island San Salvador, thought he ended in the East Indies
• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Question 2

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 2

First sailor to circumnavigate (sail around the world)

Question 3

Vespucci

Answer 3

• travels along South America

- America is named after him

Question 4

Hernando Cortés

Answer 4

• with conquistadors (Spanish followers)

- conquered the Aztecs

Question 5

Francisco Pizzaro

Answer 5

• captured and killed Atahulpa

- conquered the Incan Empire

Question 6

Mestizo

Answer 6

A mixed Spanish and Native American population

Question 7

Encomienda

Answer 7

System where Native Americans became slaves for the spanish

Question 8

Ponce de Leon

Answer 8

• lands on Florida (1513 AD)

- claims it for the Spanish

Question 9

Popé

Answer 9

Pueblo ruler that pushed the Spanish out of the US for 12 years

Question 10

Verrazano

Answer 10

• Florentine navigator who explored the eastern coast of NA (New York harbor)
• searched for a sea route to the Pacific

Question 11

Champlain

Answer 11

French explorer who established a settlement on Quebec (base of the empire New France)

Question 12

Henry Hudson

Answer 12

English navigator who discovered the Hudson River

Question 13

John Cabot

Answer 13

• Italian explorer

- discovered the mainland of NA

Question 14

Cartier

Answer 14

St. Lawrence river

Question 15

Jamestown (1607)

Answer 15

• coast of Virginia
• sent by a company of London investors when they received a charter from King James
• start was disastrous
• England’s first permanent settlement in NA

Question 16

Pilgrims

Answer 16

• Group that went to Massachusetts
• founded the second English colony, Plymouth
• persecuted for their religious beliefs, south religious freedom

Question 17

Puritans

Answer 17

• slight religious freedom from Anglican Church
• established colony at nearby Massachusetts Bay
• wanted to build a model community as an example for other Christians to follow

Question 18

New Netherlands

Answer 18

Dutch holdings in North America

Question 19

Duke of York

Answer 19

Claimed New Netherland for England and renamed it New York

Question 20

French and Indian War

Answer 20

• war between English and French
• British seizes control of eastern half America
• became part of a larger conflict (Seven Years’ War)

Question 21

Metacom/ King Philip

Answer 21

• Native American ruler that tried attacked the colonists

- defeated due to disease

Question 22

Atlantic Slave Trade

Answer 22

Buying and selling of slaves

Question 23

Why were African Americans slaves?

Answer 23

• darker skin –> easy to spot
• experienced farmers
• immune to diseases
• did not know surrounding terrain, no allies –> no escape

Question 24

Triangular Trade

Answer 24

- Transatlantic trading network - Europeans transported goods to Africa - African slaves transported across Atlantic and sold in West Indies - sugar and tobacco in West Indies to Europe

Question 25

Middle passage

Answer 25

- middle leg of the transatlantic trade triangle | - brought captured Africans to West Indies and later the Americas

Question 26

Colombian Exchange

Answer 26

Global transfer of foods, plants, and animals

Question 27

Americas to Europe

Answer 27

- turkey - tobacco - cacao beans - potato - corn

Question 28

Europe to America

Answer 28

- disease - livestock - grains - sugar cane - honey bee

Question 29

Capitalism

Answer 29

- An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources (money for profit) - government is NOT the sole owners of great wealth

Question 30

Joint Stock company

Answer 30

Business where investors look their wealth for a common purpose then share the profits

Question 31

Mercantilism

Answer 31

- new economic policy - country's power depended mainly on its wealth - export more than import

Question 32

Favorable balance of trade

Answer 32

- one way of achieving mercantilism - sell more goods than bought - goal is to become self-sufficient