Minerals: Essential Micronutrients Flashcards Preview

Fundamentals of Molecular Medicine > Minerals: Essential Micronutrients > Flashcards

Flashcards in Minerals: Essential Micronutrients Deck (44)
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1
Q

Micronutrients vs. Macronutrients

A

Macronutrients — Fats, Proteins, Carbs, Alcohol — Needed in Grams

Micronutrients — Minerals — Needed in milligrams

2
Q

RDA

AI

UL

A
3
Q

Factors that Affect Micronutrient Requirements

A
4
Q

Major Minerals

A
5
Q

Trace Minerals

A
6
Q

Minerals exist as?

How are minerals Absorbed?

What happens to unabsorbed minerals?

A
7
Q

Low Bioavailability

A
8
Q

High Bioavailability

A
9
Q

Minerals of Concern in American Diet

Major Minerals vs. Minor Minerals

A
10
Q

Sites of Calcium

A
11
Q

Roles of Calcium

A
12
Q

Site of Calcium Absorbtion

A

Small Intestine is the most

13
Q

Mechanism of Calcium Absorbtion

A
14
Q

Bioavailability and Absorption of Calcium

A

30% of Calcium is Absorbed but range is 10-60% based on Need

Best Absorbed in Acidic Conditions

15
Q

Regulation of Plasma Calcium

A
16
Q

Dietary Sources of Calcium

Know the Top 3

A
17
Q

Osteoporosis

A
18
Q

Hypercalcemia

A
19
Q

Iron Classification

A
20
Q

Roles of Iron

A
21
Q

Iron Absorption

A
22
Q

Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:

Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day)

Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)

A

Mary JO 50 yrOld nurse is lactose intolerant worried about risk of osteoporosis:

Take calcium carbonate with Meals (500 mg twice a day) — calcium is best absorbed in an acidic meal — Most efficient absorption in multiple doses.

Take calcium citrate at bedtime (1000mg)

23
Q

Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypovitaminosis D

No Concern

A

Your patients condition of hyperparathyroidsims causes concern about the potential for:

Hypercalcemia

Hypocalcemia

Hypovitaminosis D

No Concern

24
Q

What is the main iron regulatory hormone?

(Upregulated when low.)

A

Hepsidin is main iron regulatory hormone

25
Q

Amount of Dietary Heme vs. non-heme iron

A

About 10% of dietary iron is heme iron

90% is non-heme Iron. — There’s a difference in absorption

26
Q

Absroption, transportation, storage, and excretion of Iron

A
27
Q

Absorption of Iron

A
28
Q

Enhanced Absorption of Non-Heme Iron

A

MFP – Meat, Fish, Poultry

29
Q

Reduction of Iron Absorption

A
30
Q

Absorbed Iron Requirements

A

Small Numbers because this is not nutritient requirement (RDA) this is absorption which for iron is about 10%

31
Q

Dietary Sources of Iron

A

Animal Sources are better source for trace minerals

32
Q

High Risk Populations for Iron Deficiency

A

Infants and Toddlers (High Growth Rate)

Older Adults (less gastric acidity)

33
Q

What food Group is a poor source of Iron

A

Milk and Milk Products

34
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Iron Deficiency

A
35
Q

Treatments for Iron Deficiency

A
36
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

More Likely in Men

37
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Iron Overload

A
38
Q

Treatments for Iron Overload

A

Avoid supplements and avoid highly fortified foods

Avoid Iron and Vitamin C Supplements

39
Q

Roles of Magnesium

A

Magnesium is regulated simply by absorption and secretions

40
Q

Dietary Sources of Magnesium

A

Chocolate is also a dietary source

41
Q

Causes of Magnesium Deficiency

A
42
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Magnesium Deficiency

A
43
Q

Magnesium Toxicity

A

Blank =Supplements or Medications

44
Q

Focal Points

A

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