Lipid Nomenclature
Roles of Phospholipids
Glycerophospholipids
Glycerol 3 phosphate is produced from which of the following outside of the liver?
Glycerol
Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Pyruvate
Lactate
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate — This is how G3P is made outside the liver.
Phosphatidic Acid
Sphingolipids
Types of Sphingolipids
Phospholipid Structures
Cerebroside Structures
Ganglioside Structure
GM1(a ganglioside) Can be best described bt which one of the following terms?
Glycerophospholipid
Cerebroside — only one sugar not two
Phospholipid — there’s no phosphate so its not this.
Diglyceride
Glycolipid
Glycolipid — lipid to which sugars are attached. (A better term would be glycosphingolipid)
Phospholipid Metabolism
Phospholipid Structures
Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylethanolamine
More Phospholipid Structures:
Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol
Even More Phospholipid Structures:
Phosphatidyl Glycerol and Cardiolipin
Structures of Phosphatidic Acid and Sphingomyelin
Phospholipid Nomenclature
More Phospholipid Nomeclature
Simplified View of Phospholipid Synthesis
Partial Rationale for Phospholipid Synthesis
Which tissue will utilize the glycerol pathway?
Brain
Red Blood Cell
Intestine
Liver
Muscle
Liver — only the liver has glycerol kinase so only the liver can use glycerol to get to phospholipid synthesis.
What other pathway utilizes a head group activation process?
Glycolysis
Glycogen synthesis
Glycogenolysis
HMP Shunt
Fatty Acid Degradation
Glycogen synthesis
Individual has a primary carnitine deficiency. Triglyceride synthesis in the liver would be expected to be which one of the following compared to an individual with no carnitine deficiency?
Increased
Decreased
Same
Increased
Role of Plasmalogens
Mitochondrial Function may be compromised by which disorder?
Typ 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Zellwedgers Syndrome
Galactosemia
Fructokinase Deficiency
Pompe Diseases
Zellwedgers Syndrome — lack of peroxisomes.
Zellwedgers syndrome would lead to an accumulation of which one of the following?
Bicarboxilc acids
Branched Chain Fatty Acids
Propionyl CoA
Carnitine
Branched Chain Fatty Acids
Biosynthesis of Sphingosine
Vitamin B6 was also required for which one of the following enzymes?
Glycogen Synthase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Transketolase
Glycogen Synthase — No cofactors required
Glycogen Phosphorylase — Requires B6
Pyruvate dehydrogenase — Requires the big 5
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase — requires NAD
Transketolase — Requires B1
Synthesis of Ceramide
Biosynthesis of Sphingomyelin
Sphingomyelin Degredation
Glycerophospholipid Degredation
Ganglioside Function