Nucleus Pt. II Flashcards Preview

Fundamentals of Molecular Medicine > Nucleus Pt. II > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nucleus Pt. II Deck (48)
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1
Q

What’s the difference between an GTP-ase and an Exchange Factor

A

Ase— suffix means it hydrolyzes and GTP to GDP or ATP to ADP

Exchange Factor — Not a hydrolysis reaction but an exchange — it switches them out.

2
Q

Quickly draw an image with all the following features:

Cytosol

Nuclear Envelope

Nucleus

Chromatin

Nuclear Pore

Nuclear Lamina

A
3
Q

What is Chromatin?

Size and number of folds of DNA?

A
4
Q

Definition of Chromatin

A
5
Q

What are the histone Proteins?

A
6
Q

Features of DNA

A
7
Q

Chromatin Fiber

A

Derived from an extended array of nucleosomes

8
Q

Chromatin Higher Order Structure

A
9
Q

Chromatin

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10
Q
A
11
Q

Euchromatin Vs. Heterochromatin

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12
Q

Reading the Histone Code

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13
Q

Epigenetics

A
14
Q

Genetics vs. Epigenetics

A

Genetics — DNA Sequence

Epigenetic’s — Histone Modifications — Actually be inherited — Tells you what histones to acetylate/Methylate and therefore what genes to activate and deactivate.

15
Q

Function and Overview of the Cell Cycle

A
16
Q

Steps in the Mitotic Cell Cycle

A
17
Q

Cell Cycle Check Points

A
18
Q

Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression

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19
Q

Cyclin/CDK Regulation

A
20
Q

G1 - S Transition Regulation

A

Without RB you lose G1 to S checkpoint so it goes from G1 to S freely and a lot of genetic mistakes/mutations can occur.

Lose RB means you lose the suppression of tumor formation.

If you have a mutation of NES means too much Cyclin D in the nucleus then phosphorylates proteins too early in G1 and sometimes in s-phase and drives the cycle forward prematurely.

21
Q

CDK/Cyclin regulation of S-Phase

A
22
Q

Cyclin/CDK regulation of G2 to M to G1

A

Mitotic CDK/Cyclin — Cyclin B

Cyclin B levels rise then complexes with CDK

CDK phosphorylates 100’s of proteins.

Lamina Proteins depolymerize

23
Q

Interphase

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24
Q

Prophase

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25
Q

Metaphase

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26
Q

Anaphase

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27
Q

Telophase

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28
Q

Completion of Cytokinesis

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29
Q
A
30
Q
A

Interphase Cont.

31
Q
A
32
Q
A

Prophase Cont.

33
Q
A

Prophase Cont.

34
Q
A
35
Q
A
36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis

A

Meiosis has two cell divisions not just one. Because homologous choromosomes in meiosis they line up on the same equatorial plane they undergo homologous recombination.

39
Q

What is a Karyotype

A
40
Q

Steps for creating a Karyotype

A
41
Q

Normal vs. Altered Karyotype

A
42
Q

Identifying Chromosomes

A
43
Q

What can you infer from this image?

A
44
Q

What is FISH?

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45
Q

How does FISH Work?

A
46
Q

Chromosome Painting/Spectral Karyotyping

A
47
Q

What are we Looking for in Chromosome Painting

A

Looking for loss or scrambling of chromosomes.

Very common in certain types of cancer to have scrambled karyotypes.

48
Q

What disease is associated with this Karyotype?

A

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