6th - Science Chapter 3 Minerals notes REVISED

Question 0

Approximately how many minerals are there one Earth?

Answer 0

4,000

Question 1

Is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a definite chemical composition?

Answer 1

Mineral

Question 2

How many minerals are considered to be common?

Answer 2

30

Question 3

Of the common minerals, ten of these are called?

Answer 3

Rock-forming minerals

Question 4

What occurs naturally and are not made in a laboratory?

Answer 4

Common minerals

Question 5

Minerals have a definite chemical what?

Answer 5

Composition

Question 6

Some minerals, such as silver, are made up of what?

Answer 6

One element

Question 7

Other minerals, such as potassium feldspar, are made up of?

Answer 7

A combination of several elements

Question 8

Minerals form predictable what?

Answer 8

Crystal patterns

Question 9

The internal arrangement of atoms or ions determines what?

Answer 9

The shape of a crystal

Question 10

Minerals are inorganic or what?

Answer 10

Not from biological origins

Question 11

Even though they are inorganic, some minerals form as a result of inorganic processes. Give an example.

Answer 11

Marine organisms can extract dissolved solids from seawater and make their shells.

Question 12

The shape of a crystal depends on the arrangement of what?

Answer 12

It’s atoms or ions.

Question 13

It is difficult to determine crystals shape when what?

Answer 13

They are small

Question 14

Often minerals do not develop in large crystals but in what?

Answer 14

Tiny clusters

Question 15

Common rock-forming minerals are made from elements that are what in the Earth’s crust?

Answer 15

Abundant

Question 16

What are the two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust?

Answer 16

Oxygen and silicon

Question 17

What is a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen in its crystal structure, although it can also contain other elements?

Answer 17

Silicate

Question 18

What is the most common silicate mineral?

Answer 18

Feldspar

Question 19

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Answer 19

Silicon

Question 20

What do mineral undergo when they are dissolved in water or solidify in an orderly arrangement of atoms, when the water evaporates?

Answer 20

Crystallization

Question 21

Minerals, such as halite crystallize from what?

Answer 21

Cool solutions

Question 22

As water flows over Earth or seeps into the ground, what does it do to minerals?

Answer 22

Dissolves them

Question 23

What happens when seawater cannot hold any more salt, it becomes what?

Answer 23

Saturated with dissolved salts

Question 24

Some marine organisms can remove salt from seawater, what do they make with it?

Answer 24

They produce shells or build a reef

Question 25

Water that contains dissolved minerals can travel through _______ to hotter parts of the crust. When conditions are right, minerals ____________ out of the hot water, filling the cracks.

Answer 25

Cracks; come

Question 26

Minerals can form when molten ________ cools and crystallizes.

Answer 26

Rock

Question 27

Is molten rock below Earth's surface?

Answer 27

Magma

Question 28

Is magma that erupts onto Earth's surface?

Answer 28

Lava

Question 29

Cooled lava forms __________ mineral crystals. Cooled magma forms _________ mineral crystals.

Answer 29

Small; large

Question 30

Some minerals form from solids deep in the Earth's crust and ___________.

Answer 30

Mantle

Question 31

These minerals are stable under conditions of high ______________ and high pressure. If these minerals come to Earth's surface, they become ____________.

Answer 31

Temperatures; unstable

Question 32

Scientists who study the distribution of minerals, mineral properties, and their use are?

Answer 32

Mineralogist a

Question 33

Mineralogists have identified simple tests to help __________ unknown minerals.

Answer 33

Classify

Question 34

These tests are based on physical and chemical ____________ of the minerals.

Answer 34

Properties

Question 35

___________ alone cannot be used for mineral identification.

Answer 35

Color

Question 36

Variations in color reflect the presence of different types of _________.

Answer 36

Minerals

Question 37

Is the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light at its surface?

Answer 37

Luster

Question 38

What is the shiniest in luster?

Answer 38

Metallic

Question 39

Nonmetallic minerals have luster types that might still be shiny but are not _________ like metal.

Answer 39

Reflective

Question 40

A mineral that lacks shiny luster has earthy or _______ luster.

Answer 40

Dull

Question 41

What is the color of a mineral in its powdered form?

Answer 41

Streak

Question 42

Streak can be produced by rubbing a mineral across an unglazed __________ plate.

Answer 42

Porcelain

Question 43

Streak is only useful for identifying minerals that are ________ than porcelain.

Answer 43

Softer

Question 44

Some metallic minerals can vary in color but have a streak color that is always __________.

Answer 44

The same

Question 45

What is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched?

Answer 45

Hardness

Question 46

What is the name of the scale ranges from 1 to 10 and is used to compare the hardness of minerals?

Answer 46

Mohs

Question 47

What has the hardness of 1? What has the hardness of 10?

Answer 47

Talc; diamond

Question 48

What does the arrangement of atoms and the strength of bonds between atoms determine?

Answer 48

How a mineral breaks

Question 49

If a mineral breaks with a smooth, flat surface, it has ____________.

Answer 49

Cleavage

Question 50

If a mineral breaks to form uneven surfaces, it has _______?

Answer 50

Fractures

Question 51

Some minerals break into splitters or __________; others break with smooth and _______ surfaces.

Answer 51

Fibers; curved

Question 52

The mass of an object divided by its volume is the what of the object?

Answer 52

Density

Question 53

If someone holds two minerals, the one that feels heavier has __________ density.

Answer 53

Greater

Question 54

What is how a mineral feels?

Answer 54

Texture

Question 55

What happens when calcite comes in contact with hydrochloride acid?

Answer 55

It fizzes

Question 56

Due to the presence of iron in their chemical formula some minerals are what?

Answer 56

Magnetic

Question 57

What is a mineral's ability to glow when it is exposed to ultraviolet light?

Answer 57

Fluorescence

Question 58

What is a rock that contains high enough concentrations of a desired substance that it can be mined for a profit?

Answer 58

Ore

Question 59

What ores are among the most abundant metallic mineral resources?

Answer 59

Iron and aluminum

Question 60

What is hematite an important source of?

Answer 60

Iron

Question 61

Iron is the main element in what mineral which is used in buildings and vehicles?

Answer 61

Steel

Question 62

Why is bauxite important?

Answer 62

Aluminum ore

Question 63

Some metals are so valuable that their ores are mined even though they are what?

Answer 63

Rare

Question 64

What is mined because it's yellow color and metallic properties make it useful in jewelry?

Answer 64

Gold

Question 65

What is a common nonmetallic mineral resource which is commonly composed of particles of Quartz?

Answer 65

Sand

Question 66

What is a rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry when it is cut and polished?

Answer 66

Gemstone

Question 67

What properties of gemstones make them useful in industry?

Answer 67

Physical

Question 68

What minerals are so hard that they are used in cutting tools and abrasives?

Answer 68

Diamond and corundum

Question 69

What are many industrial gemstones that are manufactured by humans?

Answer 69

Synthetic

Question 70

Because gold conducts what and does not corrode, it is useful in science and industry?

Answer 70

Electricity