6th - SS Chapter 1 Early People Notes Revised

Question 0

Where does archaeological evidence indicate that human life begin?

Answer 0

Africa

Question 1

What type of objects do archaeologists study to learn about the past?

Answer 1

Fossils and artifacts

Question 2

What techniques do geologist use to determine the age of fossils?

Answer 2

Layering, radioactive dating and DNA analysis

Question 3

What are some objects that give us clues to human prehistory?

Answer 3

Arrowheads - used for hunting and Stone tools - used for chopping and cutting.

Question 4

What did Mary and Louis Leakey discover in 1959?

Answer 4

The first evidence that human life began in Africa.

Question 5

What did Donald Johanson’s discover in 1974?

Answer 5

The first of hundreds of bone fragments that made up Lucy.

Question 6

What did Michael Brunet discover in 2001?

Answer 6

He found a 7 million year old humanoid skull in Chad

Question 7

What did Tim White discover in 2009?

Answer 7

Ardi, the skeleton of a female 1.2 million years older than Lucy

Question 8

Discoveries such as Lucy and Ardi have led most scientists to conclude that humankind began when and where?

Answer 8

In East Africa about 4.5 million years ago

Question 9

Who disagrees with human life began in East Africa and why?

Answer 9

Michael Brunet - he believes it began in Central Africa and found a skull that supports this.

Question 10

Is the study of the past complete?

Answer 10

No, there are many questions that still exist about the beginning of human life.

Question 11

What allowed early humans to survive and grow?

Answer 11

The development of technology - tools and skills used to meet their needs and wants

Question 12

When did both modern humans and Neanderthals’s appear?

Answer 12

Late in the Stone Age

Question 13

When did humans first start to make stone tools?

Answer 13

2.5 million years ago

Question 14

What is this period called when humans first began making stone tools?

Answer 14

Paleolithic Era, or Old Stone Age

Question 15

The development of ____________ allowed hunter-gatherer societies to survive.

Answer 15

New skills

Question 16

What happened as toolmakers became more skillful?

Answer 16

The stone blades became thinner and sharper and they began using bones and antlers to make weapons too

Question 17

What were some of the different uses for fire?

Answer 17

1. Light on dark nights
2. Cooking
3. Warmth - could live in colder places
4. Protection - scare off dangerous animals
5. FREEDOM - no longer restricted in his movement to a limited range of climates and his activities not determined by the sun’s light.

Question 18

Stone Age hunter-gatherers lived in small groups called?

Answer 18

Bands - usually 10 to 12 adults

Question 19

Where did these bands of nomads find shelter?

Answer 19

In caves or temporary huts built out of branches or tents from animal skins.

Question 20

Who were the two groups of larger-brained humans that developed at the end of the Paleolithic (Stone) Era?

Answer 20

Neanderthals and Homo sapiens (Humans)

Question 21

What are some characters of Neanderthals’?

Answer 21

1. First appeared about 200,000 years ago
2. Had short, sturdy skeletons
3. Had only very simple language skills
4. Made NO Art or music
5. Had simple burial practices

Question 22

What are some characteristics of Homo sapiens (Humans)?

Answer 22

1. First appeared about 100,000 years ago
2. Had taller, slimmer bodies
3. Had complex language skills
4. Made art and music
5. Had more complex burial practices

Question 23

What are some of the common characteristics of the Neanderthals and Humans?

Answer 23

1. Made hunting tools
2. Used fire
3. Buried their dead
4. Had large brains
5. Lived in the same regions about 30,000 to 40,000 years ago

Question 24

Which of these groups (Neanderthals or Humans) survived the Stone Age?

Answer 24

Homo sapiens (humans)

Question 25

What are two theories on what happened to the Neanderthals?

Answer 25

Some believe they fought with the newcomers and lost, while others think the groups mixed together. No one in certain

Question 26

What are some examples of the consequences of the development of tools?

Answer 26

1. They could hunt
2. They could get the meat off the skins
3. They could gather better
4. They could be warm