Cardioresp Formative

Question 1

What does bronchoscopy involve?

Answer 1

Pulse oximetry and ECG monitoring
Patient is sedated
Instrument is passed via the nose

Question 2

What should be done when imaging confirms a localised mass in the lung?

Answer 2

PET scan before biospy to establish the exact location of the tumour and aid selection of biospy.

It allows for assessing the suitability for treatment.

Question 4

What causes SOB in mesothelioma?

Answer 4

Pleural effusion
Contraction of pleural space by tumour

Question 5

What factors do not determine success of surgery?

Answer 5

Chronological age
-> success is determined by indicators of cancer invasion like hilar lymphadenoapthy

Question 6

What does Caroline exposure cause?

Answer 6

Acute bronchial reaction

Question 7

What does coal exposure cause?

Answer 7

Fibrosis

Question 8

what is the most common consequence of asbestos exposuree?

Answer 8

Lung cancerer

Question 9

What does paint spray associated with?

Answer 9

Asthma

Question 10

Whatt is polyvinyl chrlodie exposure associate with?

Answer 10

Hepatotoxicity

Question 11

What is an effective strategy for smoking cessation?

Answer 11

Support groups
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors

Question 12

What is the threshold for recommending pharmacological aids for smoking cessation?

Answer 12

10 cigarettes a day minimum

Question 13

How does smoking affect surgery eligibility for lung cancer?

Answer 13

Reccomended but not mandatory

Question 14

What does S3 heart sound indicate?

Answer 14

Left ventircular failure and is a specific sign for Left sided heart failure.

Question 15

What is the role of esoniphils?

Answer 15

Production of leukotriene in response to allergens

Question 16

What is the pathophysiology of acute asthma attack?

Answer 16

Bronchial mucosal plugging from increased production of mucus by goblet cells alongside bronchoconstriciton which causes REVERSIBLE airway swelling

Question 17

What supports pulmonary embolism diagnosis?

Answer 17

Normal CXR

Question 18

How is LMWH dose determined?

Answer 18

Body weight

Question 19

When is pharmacological treatment indicated according to cardiovascular risk prediction chart?

Answer 19

Patient is in the red category

Question 20

What does the green and orange category in cardiovascular risk chart indicate?

Answer 20

Lifestyle modification only

Question 21

Which demographic is commonly affected by idiopathic pulmoanry hypertension?

Answer 21

Females

Question 22

What is the rpesentation of pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 22

Chest pain, dyspnoea and syncope

PAH has a gradual irreversible progression, especially in teens

Question 23

What are the features of PAH on X-rays?

Answer 23

Lungs are clear and have pruned vessels

Question 24

Whic valvular disease is pulmonary hypertension associated with?

Answer 24

Mitral stenosis

Question 25

What are the non common features of infective endocarditis?

Answer 25

Anaemia Splenomegaly due to splenic infants from embolus

Question 26

Which marker is raised in infective endocarditis?

Answer 26

Positive serum rheumatoid factor

Question 27

Which fibrosis type does not cauase pleural effusion?

Answer 27

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 28

What GI conditions cause pleural effusion?

Answer 28

Boerhaave’s syndrome from emphysema Pancreatitis Meig’s

Question 29

Which systemic conditions cause pleural effusion?

Answer 29

Lupus Rheumatoid Tuberculosis Pneumonia

Question 30

What to do before adding an additional drug ?

Answer 30

Maximising dose of the drugs available

Question 31

What provides additional information about the effect of aortic stenosise?

Answer 31

Stress echo with exercise tolerance on ability of patient to exercise

Question 32

Which anti-arrythmia has a fast rate of action and short half life?

Answer 32

Adenosine -> adminsitered through peripheral IV access as 6mg dose followed by 20m saline flush for rapid infusion

Question 33

Which rate limiting drug has a fast effect for afib?

Answer 33

Metoprolol has a short half life and rapid action onset -> followed by verapamil

Question 34

Which rate limiting drug has a very slow onset?

Answer 34

Digoxin