Colorectal Cancer Stats + Screening Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the percentage distribution of colorectal cancer locations?
Majority s rectal: 40%
* sigmoid: 30%
* descending colon: 5%
* transverse colon: 10%
* ascending colon and caecum: 15%
This distribution highlights the most common sites for colorectal cancer occurrences.
What are the scenarios in which NICE recommends a FIT for referral?
- With an abdominal mass
- With a change in bowel habit
- With iron-deficiency anaemia
- Aged 40 and over with unexplained weight loss and abdominal pain
- Aged under 50 with rectal bleeding and unexplained abdominal pain or weight loss
- Aged 50 and over with unexplained rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, or weight loss
- Aged 60 and over with anaemia, even in the absence of iron deficiency
These guidelines help identify patients at higher risk for colorectal issues.
True or False: FIT testing should be offered even if the person has had a negative FIT result previously.
True
This approach ensures that potential issues are not overlooked despite previous negative results.
What is the age range for the NHS national screening programme for colorectal cancer in England?
54 to 74 years
In Scotland, the screening age range is 50 to 74 years.
How frequently does the NHS offer screening for colorectal cancer?
Every 2 years
This regular screening is crucial for early detection of colorectal cancer.
What is the main advantage of FIT tests over conventional FOB tests?
Only detects human haemoglobin
This specificity reduces false positives from animal haemoglobin consumed through diet.
How many faecal samples are needed for FIT tests compared to conventional FOB tests?
Only one faecal sample is needed for FIT tests
Conventional FOB tests typically require 2-3 samples.
What should be done if a patient has a negative FIT test but there is significant concern?
Referral may still be required
Significant concerns include finding an abdominal mass.
Fill in the blank: Eligible patients for the NHS screening programme are sent ______ tests through the post.
Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) tests
This process facilitates easier access to screening for patients.
What symptoms do people aged under 50 with rectal bleeding need to have to warrant a FIT referral?
- Unexplained abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
These symptoms indicate a potential underlying issue that requires further investigation.
What is HNPCC also known as?
Lynch syndrome
HNPCC stands for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer.
What type of genetic condition is HNPCC?
Autosomal dominant
This means that only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the condition.
What percentage of HNPCC patients typically develop cancers?
70-80%
These cancers are often aggressive and poorly differentiated.
Which part of the colon is most commonly affected in HNPCC?
Proximal colon
This refers to the beginning portion of the colon.
What are the most common genes involved in HNPCC?
- MSH2 (60% of cases)
- MLH1 (30%)
These genes are crucial for DNA mismatch repair.
What is the next most common cancer associated with HNPCC after colon cancer?
Endometrial cancer
This type of cancer affects the lining of the uterus.
What are the Amsterdam criteria used for?
To aid diagnosis of HNPCC
These criteria help identify families at risk for HNPCC.
List the Amsterdam criteria for diagnosing HNPCC.
- At least 3 family members with colon cancer
- Cases span at least two generations
- At least one case diagnosed before age 50
These criteria help in identifying hereditary patterns.
What is FAP?
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
FAP is a rare autosomal dominant condition leading to colorectal cancer.
What mutation causes FAP?
Adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC)
The APC gene is a tumor suppressor located on chromosome 5.
At what age do patients typically develop hundreds of polyps in FAP?
30-40 years
This rapid development leads to a high risk of carcinoma.
What surgical procedure do FAP patients generally undergo?
Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) formation
This procedure is often performed in their twenties.
What additional risk do patients with FAP face?
Duodenal tumors
These are tumors that can occur in the first part of the small intestine.
What is Gardner’s syndrome?
A variant of FAP
It features additional conditions like osteomas, retinal pigmentation, and thyroid carcinoma.
