Murmurs Flashcards
(29 cards)
What type of murmur is characterized by being louder on expiration?
Ejection systolic
This includes murmurs associated with aortic stenosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Which conditions are associated with an ejection systolic murmur?
- Aortic stenosis
- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
These conditions exhibit louder sounds during expiration.
What type of murmur is characterized as holosystolic (pansystolic)?
Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
This murmur is high-pitched and ‘blowing’ in character.
How does tricuspid regurgitation differ from mitral regurgitation during respiration?
Tricuspid regurgitation becomes louder during inspiration
Increased venous blood flow into the right atrium and ventricle during inspiration enhances the stroke volume of the right ventricle.
What is the character of the murmur associated with ventricular septal defect?
‘Harsh’ in character
This type of murmur is typically heard in ventricular septal defect.
What type of murmur is associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Late systolic
This murmur occurs late in the systolic phase.
What type of murmur is classified as early diastolic?
Aortic regurgitation
This murmur is high-pitched and ‘blowing’ in character.
What is the character of the Graham-Steel murmur?
High-pitched and ‘blowing’ in character
This murmur is associated with pulmonary regurgitation.
Which murmur is characterized as mid-late diastolic?
Mitral stenosis
This murmur has a ‘rumbling’ character.
What is the Austin-Flint murmur associated with?
Severe aortic regurgitation
This murmur is also ‘rumbling’ in character.
What type of murmur is described as continuous and machine-like?
Patent ductus arteriosus
This murmur has a distinctive continuous sound.
Which side of the heart is a murmur heard best on inspiration?
Right-sided murmur
This is due to increased venous return during inspiration.
Which side of the heart is a murmur heard best on expiration?
Left-sided murmur
This is typically the case for left-sided heart conditions.
What increases sound of ejection systolic murmur?
Mixed aortic valve disease
Expiration
Anaemia and thyrotoxicosis: faster heart rate
What decreases sound of ejection systolic murmur?
What causes ejection systolic murmur on inspiration?
Atrial septal defect
What is a still’s murmur?
Quiet systolic murmur heard in young children that disappears
What causes a mid systolic murmur greater on expiration?
Mitral valve prolapse
What cases pansystolic murmur at left sternal edge?
Tricuspid regurgitation, associated with pulmonary stenosis like COPD
What causes mitral valve prolapse?
Marfan’s syndrome
Ehler’s danlos syndrome
Which murmurs are sseee in Marfan’s?
Aortic regurg
Mitral prolapse
Which meme oxxuea with pulmonary stenosis?
Ejection systolic
What is the murmur type in mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis is characterized by a low-pitched, diastolic rumble at the apex with an opening snap
What does pulsatile hepatomegaly indicate?
Tricuspid regurg
