PPT resp

Question 1

What is the antibiotic prescribed for CURB-65 score 0-2?

Answer 1

Amoxicillin

For penicillin allergy, alternative is doxycycline; if IV is required, then clarithromycin.

Question 2

What antibiotic should be given for CURB-65 score of 2 with suspected atypical pathogen?

Answer 2

Clarithromycin

Question 3

What antibiotics are recommended for CURB-65 score 3-5?

Answer 3

Cefuroxime and clarithromycin

For penicillin allergy, the same treatment is applied.

Question 4

When should antibiotics ideally be prescribed?

Answer 4

Within an hour

Question 5

What are the broad spectrum antibiotics that should be avoided in prescribing for CAP?

Answer 5

Cephalosporins or co-amoxiclav

Question 6

Which antibiotic should be prescribed for legionella pneumonia?

Answer 6

Fluoroquinolone

Question 7

What antibiotic is recommended for mycoplasma pneumonia?

Answer 7

Clarithromycin

Question 8

What is the ideal antibiotic for strep pneumonia?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin or benzylpenicillin

Question 9

What antibiotics are recommended for non-MRSA staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 9

Flucoxacillin or rifampicin

Question 10

What does the TB drug treatment involve during the intensive phase?

Answer 10

Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and rifampicin

Question 11

What is included in the continuation phase of TB treatment?

Answer 11

Isoniazid and rifampicin

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin?

Answer 12

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis and is a cytochrome P450 inducer

Question 13

What is isoniazid and how is it activated?

Answer 13

A pro drug activated by catalase-peroxidase activity in mycobacteria

Question 14

What are the risks associated with isoniazid?

Answer 14

Hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy

Question 15

What does pyrazinamide inhibit?

Answer 15

TB’s ability to synthesize new fatty acids

Question 16

What is a significant risk of using pyrazinamide as the sole treatment?

Answer 16

Quickly results in resistance

Question 17

Why is pyrazinamide ideal for tuberculous meningitis?

Answer 17

It crosses the blood-brain barrier

Question 18

What does ethambutol inhibit?

Answer 18

Arabinosyltransferase to prevent formation of cell wall components

Question 19

What visual disturbances can ethambutol cause?

Answer 19

Red-green color blindness

Question 20

What are the potential risks of ethambutol?

Answer 20

Gout, nephrotoxicity, and peripheral neuritis

Question 21

What is the treatment for subacute endocarditis caused by streptococci viridans?

Answer 21

Penicillin and gentamicin combination

Question 22

What is the mortality rate for endocarditis with heart failure within 6 months?

Answer 22

49%

Question 23

What are common examples of SABA?

Answer 23

Terbutaline and salbutamol

Question 24

What are examples of inhaled corticosteroids?

Answer 24

Beclamethasone and fluticasone

Question 25

Can LABA be taken without inhaled corticosteroid?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What are examples of LABA?

Answer 26

Formoterol and Salmeterol

Question 27

What is a key characteristic of formoterol?

Answer 27

More rapid onset of action and is a full B2 agonist

Question 28

What is a key characteristic of Salmeterol?

Answer 28

Delayed action onset, partial agonist of B2, and duration dose independent

Question 29

What is the risk associated with Montelukast?

Answer 29

Triggering eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis

Question 30

What is an example of a LAMA?

Answer 30

Tiotropium

Question 31

What is the function of tiotropium?

Answer 31

Functionally selective for M3 receptor found in smooth muscle, glands, and brain

Question 32

What is ipratropium reserved for?

Answer 32

Acute asthma exacerbation

Question 33

What does theophylline inhibit?

Answer 33

Phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine

Question 34

What is a significant risk of theophylline?

Answer 34

Narrow therapeutic window

Question 35

What can interact with theophylline and cause severe reactions?

Answer 35

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors like cimetidine, St. John's wort, and verapamil