Hypoparathyroidism Flashcards
(65 cards)
What is hypoparathyroidism?
A medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
What are the two types of hypoparathyroidism?
- Primary (due to parathyroid gland dysfunction)
- Secondary (resulting from other medical conditions or treatments)
What can cause primary hypoparathyroidism?
Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands.
What are the risk factors for hypoparathyroidism?
- Neck surgery or radiation therapy involving the parathyroid glands
- Autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- Genetic factors and familial forms of the condition
How does hypoparathyroidism affect calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
Decreased PTH production or function disrupts calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia related to hypoparathyroidism?
- Muscle cramps
- Paresthesias
- Tetany
- Seizures
What neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with hypoparathyroidism?
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Cognitive impairment
What ocular symptoms can occur in hypoparathyroidism?
- Cataracts
- Impaired night vision
What dental abnormalities are associated with hypoparathyroidism?
- Dental enamel hypoplasia
- Tooth discoloration
What are the diagnostic investigations for hypoparathyroidism?
- Serum calcium (low)
- Serum phosphate levels (high)
- Measurement of PTH levels (low/inappropriately normal)
- Assessment of vitamin D status
- Urinary calcium may be low
- ECG to detect cardiac abnormalities due to hypocalcemia (prolonged QT)
What is the main management strategy for hypoparathyroidism?
- Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
- Regular Monitoring
- Addressing Symptoms
- Potential Surgery
- IV calcium treatment in acute severe hypocalcemia
What is the role of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in managing hypoparathyroidism?
To maintain low-normal calcium levels and avoid renal complications.
What does regular monitoring in hypoparathyroidism management involve?
Ongoing monitoring of calcium levels and PTH.
What surgical options may be considered for refractory cases of hypoparathyroidism?
- Parathyroid gland autotransplantation
- Glandular tissue implantation
True or False: Hypoparathyroidism can cause prolonged QT interval on an ECG.
True
Fill in the blank: Hypoparathyroidism can lead to _______ due to decreased calcium absorption.
hypocalcemia
What is hypoparathyroidism?
A medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
What are the two types of hypoparathyroidism?
- Primary (due to parathyroid gland dysfunction)
- Secondary (resulting from other medical conditions or treatments)
What can cause primary hypoparathyroidism?
Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands.
What are the risk factors for hypoparathyroidism?
- Neck surgery or radiation therapy involving the parathyroid glands
- Autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
- Genetic factors and familial forms of the condition
How does hypoparathyroidism affect calcium and phosphorus metabolism?
Decreased PTH production or function disrupts calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia related to hypoparathyroidism?
- Muscle cramps
- Paresthesias
- Tetany
- Seizures
What neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with hypoparathyroidism?
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Cognitive impairment
What ocular symptoms can occur in hypoparathyroidism?
- Cataracts
- Impaired night vision
