GI And Surg H&S Flashcards
(38 cards)
When do cervical cancer screening invitations begin?
6 months before age 25
How often is cervical cancer screening conducted for individuals aged 25-49?
Every 3 years
At what age does cervical cancer screening occur every 5 years?
50-64 years old
Under what condition does cervical screening occur for individuals aged 65 and older?
If a recent test was abnormal
Should individuals who have had a total hysterectomy undergo cervical screening?
No
What is the age range for bowel screening and how often does it occur?
54 to 74 years old every 2 years
When does breast screening first occur and until what age is it conducted?
Between ages 50-53 until age 71
What is the protocol for individuals with gene mutations regarding breast cancer screening?
Yearly MRI scans for specific ages depending on mutation
What are the ages for yearly MRI scans for TP53 and BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations?
Age 20 for TP53, Age 30 for BRCA1 and BRCA2
What is the triple assessment used for in breast cancer screening?
Examination + mammogram + ultrasound with or without biopsy
What is the sensitivity and specificity of digital mammography?
Sensitivity of 97%, Specificity of 64.5%
True or False: Digital mammography is good at ruling out breast cancer.
True
Who is eligible for breast cancer screening among trans women?
Trans women on HRT for longer than 2 years
What constitutes a ‘never event’ in medical practice?
Wrong site surgery, wrong implant placement, retained foreign object, mis-selection of medication, overdose situations
What are never events specific to mental health?
Failure to install functional collapsible shower curtains or rails
What are general never events in healthcare?
Patient falls, chest or neck entrapment, transfusions with incompatible blood, misplaced tubes, scalding, unintentional oxygen connection
What does inadequate follow-up after an abnormal mammogram include?
*Failure to undergo complete follow-up to diagnostic resolution
*Failure to attend recommended follow-up
What factors influence mammogram follow-up?
*Electronic health record
*Coordination between healthcare services
*Lack of reminders
*Access to patient data
Why is written documentation important in healthcare?
*Shows reasoning for clinical judgement
*Enables understanding of patient’s situation
*Documents timeline of patient’s journey
*Covers backs of doctors
What are exceptional circumstances where oral consent may be relied upon?
*Patient is unconscious and needs urgent procedures
*Not possible to find out patient’s wishes
*Least restrictive of patient’s future choices
According to GMC 46, when is oral or implied consent usually sufficient?
For minor or routine investigations or treatments
What is the aim of the WHO operative checklist?
Decrease errors and adverse events and increase teamwork and communication in surgery
What is the structure of a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) in cancer care?
*Core: medical staff (physician, oncologist, radiologist, histopathologist), specialist nurse, MDT coordinator
*Extended: physio, dietician, palliative care, chaplain
What are the key aspects of the UK National Screening Committee’s criteria for a good screening test?
*Condition: Important health problem, understood epidemiology, detectable RF/marker
*Test: Simple, safe, validated
*Treatment: Evidence-based, effective
*Programme: RCT evidence of effectiveness
