MI Complications Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the most common cause of death following a myocardial infarction?
Cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation
Patients are managed as per the ALS protocol with defibrillation.
What is cardiogenic shock and how is it treated?
A condition where the ejection fraction decreases due to extensive myocardial damage. Treatment may include inotropic support and/or an intra-aortic balloon pump.
Other causes include mechanical complications like left ventricular free wall rupture.
What are the long-term effects of myocardial infarction on the heart?
Chronic heart failure due to dysfunctional ventricular myocardium
Loop diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and beta-blockers improve long-term prognosis.
What arrhythmia is most commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
Ventricular fibrillation
Other common arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia.
Which type of block is more common following inferior myocardial infarctions?
Atrioventricular block
This is a type of bradyarrhythmia.
What is the incidence of pericarditis in the first 48 hours following a transmural myocardial infarction?
Approximately 10% of patients
Symptoms include typical pain and may involve a pericardial rub or effusion seen on echocardiogram.
What is Dressler’s syndrome and when does it typically occur?
An autoimmune reaction occurring 2-6 weeks post-MI, characterized by fever, pleuritic pain, pericardial effusion, and raised ESR
Treatment involves NSAIDs.
What complication can arise from ischaemic damage to the myocardium following a myocardial infarction?
Left ventricular aneurysm
Associated with persistent ST elevation and increased stroke risk due to thrombus formation.
What is the presentation of left ventricular free wall rupture?
Acute heart failure secondary to cardiac tamponade
Symptoms include raised JVP, pulsus paradoxus, and diminished heart sounds.
What is the incidence of ventricular septal defect following myocardial infarction?
Occurs in about 1-2% of patients
Characterized by acute heart failure and a pan-systolic murmur; urgent surgical correction is needed.
What is acute mitral regurgitation and how is it associated with myocardial infarction?
More common with infero-posterior infarction due to ischaemia or papillary muscle rupture
Symptoms include acute hypotension and pulmonary oedema.
What is the most common cause of death following a myocardial infarction?
Cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation
Patients are managed as per the ALS protocol with defibrillation.
What is cardiogenic shock and how is it treated?
A condition where the ejection fraction decreases due to extensive myocardial damage. Treatment may include inotropic support and/or an intra-aortic balloon pump.
Other causes include mechanical complications like left ventricular free wall rupture.
What are the long-term effects of myocardial infarction on the heart?
Chronic heart failure due to dysfunctional ventricular myocardium
Loop diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, and beta-blockers improve long-term prognosis.
What arrhythmia is most commonly associated with myocardial infarction?
Ventricular fibrillation
Other common arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia.
Which type of block is more common following inferior myocardial infarctions?
Atrioventricular block
This is a type of bradyarrhythmia.
What is the incidence of pericarditis in the first 48 hours following a transmural myocardial infarction?
Approximately 10% of patients
Symptoms include typical pain and may involve a pericardial rub or effusion seen on echocardiogram.
What is Dressler’s syndrome and when does it typically occur?
An autoimmune reaction occurring 2-6 weeks post-MI, characterized by fever, pleuritic pain, pericardial effusion, and raised ESR
Treatment involves NSAIDs.
What complication can arise from ischaemic damage to the myocardium following a myocardial infarction?
Left ventricular aneurysm
Associated with persistent ST elevation and increased stroke risk due to thrombus formation.
What is the presentation of left ventricular free wall rupture?
Acute heart failure secondary to cardiac tamponade
Symptoms include raised JVP, pulsus paradoxus, and diminished heart sounds.
What is the incidence of ventricular septal defect following myocardial infarction?
Occurs in about 1-2% of patients
Characterized by acute heart failure and a pan-systolic murmur; urgent surgical correction is needed.
What is acute mitral regurgitation and how is it associated with myocardial infarction?
More common with infero-posterior infarction due to ischaemia or papillary muscle rupture
Symptoms include acute hypotension and pulmonary oedema.
What causes broad complex tachycardia with low BP a few hours after an MI?
Ventircular tachycardia
What causes dyspnoea and JVP elevation with muffled heart sounds?
Cardiac tamponade from Left ventiruclar freee wall rupture
