Metabolic H&S Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is the relationship between deprivation and obesity in children?
Deprived children are more likely to be obese.
This indicates socioeconomic factors play a significant role in childhood obesity.
What percentage of individuals aged 45-74 are overweight or obese?
3/4 of those aged 45-74 are overweight or obese.
Which age group is more likely to be obese?
People aged 45-74 are more likely to be obese than any other age group.
Who is more likely to be obese, men or women?
Men are always more likely to be obese.
In Scotland, which gender is more likely to be obese?
More women were obese and more men were overweight.
What is the definition of excess weight in terms of BMI?
Excess weight is BMI over 25.
Who is more likely to be obese among people with disabilities?
Disabled people are more likely to be obese.
Which ethnic group in the UK is most likely to have excess weight?
The black ethnic group is most likely to have excess weight.
Which ethnic group in the UK is least likely to be obese?
The Chinese group is least likely to be obese.
What is the relationship between educational qualifications and obesity?
Those with no qualifications are most likely to be obese, indicating an inverse relationship.
What is the BMI threshold for considering bariatric surgery?
Bariatric surgery is used for those with BMI above 40 or BMI 35+ with comorbidities.
What are the main ways to prevent renal failure?
- Decrease the use of nephrotoxic medication in those with low kidney function
- Measuring kidney function before starting medications
- Preventing hypovolaemia in patients with kidney issues
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
Hemodialysis is performed in a clinic, while peritoneal dialysis can be done at home.
What is renal replacement therapy (RRT)?
RRTs are started when necessary to manage symptoms of renal failure.
What GFR level typically indicates the start of dialysis?
GFR when dialysis is started is usually 5-10.
What are the effects of hemodialysis on patients?
- Need to monitor fluid intake
- Time-consuming
- Travel costs to hospital
- Physical side effects
What are the advantages of peritoneal dialysis?
- Can be done at home
- More suitable for younger patients
- Increased responsibility for patients
What factors influence the rationing of organ transplants?
- Long waiting lists
- Specific requirements such as abstinence from alcohol
- Finding appropriate patients with co-morbidities
What are the benefits of organ transplantation?
- Long-term therapy leading to better outcomes
- Improved prognosis
- Better quality of life
What are the drawbacks of organ transplantation?
- Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy
- Potential complications
- High surgery costs
What are the arguments for an ‘opt-out system’ for organ donation?
- Shortage of organ donors
- Improvements in transplant technology
- Reducing unnecessary deaths
What are the ethical dilemmas surrounding organ transplantation?
- Prioritisation of recipients
- Coercion to donate
- Potential for buying and selling organs
What are the current findings on PSA screening effectiveness?
- Prostate cancer screening shows mixed results compared to colorectal cancer screening.
What is the glycemic target for patients on diet or hypoglycemic medication?
Glycemic target is 48 on diet or 53 on hypoglycemic medication.
