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Year 3 > Passmed Renal > Flashcards

Passmed Renal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most common renal cause of intrarenal AKI?

A

ACUTE TUBUAL NECROSIS

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2
Q

Why does nephrotic syndrome cause hypercoagulablity?l

A

Loss of plasminogen and antithrombin IIII

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3
Q

Which nephrotic syndrome is associated with malignancy?

A

Membranous nephropathy that can be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome

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4
Q

Which drug should be stopped in AKI? l

A

Lithium
Nitrofurantoin
-> these are primary metabolised by kidney

NSADs

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5
Q

When to stop statin in AKI?

A
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6
Q

What is the first step with hyperkalemia?

A

Perform ECG BEFORE calcium gluconate if ECG indicates

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7
Q

What must be started in CKD?

A

Ramipril AND Statin

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8
Q

What to give for normocytic anaemia with no iron deficiency?

A

EPO injection

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9
Q

How to differentiate anti-GBM from granulomatous is with polyangitis?

A

Granulaomtosis will have upper airway symptoms like sinusitis or epistaxis

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10
Q

What is the difference between eosinophilic granulomatous is with polyangitis and granulomatisos with polyangitis?

A

EGP is aka Chruge Strauss associated with [=ANCA and amuses asthma a dn topic allergy history.

GP is Wegner’s and has c-ANCA with epistaxis and hemaoptysis

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11
Q

How to differentiate IgA nephropathy and good pasture;s?

A

IgA nephropathy wil not involve the lungs

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12
Q

What is the most common side effect of EPO?

A

Skin rashes
Bone aches
Flu-like symptoms

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13
Q

What causes progressive weakness and dysnpea with hepatomegaly and reduced renal function?

A

Amyloidosis, one of the few causes of hepatomegaly.

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14
Q

What is the common prognosis of minimal change disease?

A

Full recovery with alter recurrence

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15
Q

Which medications worsen AKI?

A

ACE inhibitors
NSIADs
Diuretics
Beta blockers which over BP

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What is the most common cause of post-operative oliguria?

A

Hypovolemia

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18
Q

What test is performed for stable patinets with dehydration?

A

Fluid challenge test where IV fluid is rapidly adminstered to assess if patient is fluid responsive and to see if urine output increases

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19
Q

What is an indicator of iron defieicny with normocytic anaemia?

A

Low ferritin

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20
Q

What test should be avoided according to NICE for CKD assessment?

A

urine dipstick unless it can check SPECIFICALLY for albumin
-> urine diptstick should be used ideally just for haematuria

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21
Q

When is eGFR inaccurate?

A

High uncle mass
Eating red meat
Pregnancy

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22
Q

What is the initial diagnostic test for HUS?

A

Blood film

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23
Q

What is the best investigation for bladder cancer?

A

Cystoscope

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24
Q

What is used to stage bladder cancer?

Study These Flashcards
A

Ultrasound and CT scan

25
What causes pulmonary oedema unresponsive to furosemide?
26
What to give for prophylaxis of VTE in nephrotic syndrome?
LMWH
27
Which test is diagnostic for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Anti-strepotlsin O trier
28
When are steroids indicated in graft failure?
Can be considered for acute great inure alongside immunosuppressants.
29
What is the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
chlorthiazidue diuretic to reduce serum osmolality
30
What is the treatment of central diabetes insipidus?
Desmopression
31
What is calcium reasoning?
Removes potassium from the body
32
What removes potassium from the body in hyperkalemia?
Calcium resonium Loop diuretics Dialysis
33
What is the most common cause of post transplant infection in acute graft failure?
Cytomegalovirus which presents with widespread lymphadenoapthy, hepatomegaly and jaundiced sclera
34
How long do fistulas take to be fully functioning?
2 months -> The AV fistula causes arterialisation of the vein due to the high pressure of the artery. The shunted blood flow causes an increase in growth factors and further hypertrophy of the venous wall
35
What is an iatrogenic cause of metabolic acidosis?
Aggressive fluid resuscitation increases the risk of raised anion gap metabolic acidosis
36
Is nephritic or nephrotic syndrome associated with low total thyroxine levels?
Nephrotic syndrome causes low TOTAL thyroxine, and membranous glomerulonephritis is associated with lupus
37
What is used to diagnose congenital adrenal hyperplasia after elevated 17-hydroxyprogesteorne on blood test?
ACTH stimulation test
38
What is the ACR threshold for starting medication in diabetes?
At least 3
39
What causes enlarged kidneys in CKD?
Diabetic nephropathy in early stages Amyloidosis HIV assoicated nephropathy Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
40
41
42
How to manage strong suspicion of HIV enteropathy when patient is non compliant based on bloods?
Restart antiretroviral therapy
43
What should be avoided in HIV nephropathy?
Steroids in patients with low CD4 count due to risk of opportunistic infection
44
What are the features of HIV associated nephropathy?
massive proteinuria resulting in nephrotic syndrome normal or large kidneys focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with focal or global capillary collapse on renal biopsy elevated urea and creatinine normotension
45
What is the clinical features on examination of Hashimoto’s;s?
Firm non tender goitre
46
What is the reccomended period of potassium infusion?
4 hours
47
What does low plasma renin and high aldosterone indicate?
Bilateral adrena hyperplasia
48
What does high renin and Aldo’sterone indicate the?
Renal artery stenosis
49
What is the management for subclinical hypothyoridism?
Levothyroxine for 6 months and repeat thyorid functions ests
50
What causes a person to collapse and they are on daily steroids and recently had illness?
Addison’s which will have hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis
51
When is Metformin contraindicated?
GFR less than 30
52
What is alport’s syndrome characterised by?
Lenticonus: protrusion of lens surface into anterior chamber Retinitis pigmentosa Splitting of lamina densa one electro microscopy Sensineural deafness
53
What is the microscopy findings for Alport;s?
Basket and weave appearance and splitting of lamina densa
54
Which drug causes hyaline casts?
Innocuous finding of tams horsfall protein from DCT associated with loop diuretics Can also be seen after exercise or with fever
55
What does bland urinary sediment indicate?
Pre-renal uraemia
56
What cases erratic blood glucose control with vomiting and bloating?
Gastroparesis due to neuropathy
57
How i gastroparesis managed?
metoclopramide, domperidone or erythromycin (prokinetic agents)
58
What medication can cause gynaecomastia?
Goserelin Cimetidine Digoxin Spironolactone Oestrogen and steroids that are anabolic
59
What medication is contraindicated in patients with Reno vascular disease?
ACE inhibitors

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